‘富士’苹果痘斑病与Ca营养、分布和定位

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.18.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究苹果痘斑病果实和健康果实不同部位Ca、K和Mg含量及离子微区分布，分析Ca定位与痘斑病发生之间的关系，探讨果实产生痘斑病的主要原因。【方法】以‘短枝富士’苹果（Malus domestica cv. Spur Fuji）为材料，用原子吸收法测定患痘斑病果实（简称病果）与健康果实（简称健果）的顶、中、底部果皮组织中Ca、K和Mg含量。同时，用X射线能谱仪分析果皮和果肉组织中Ca、K和Mg的微区分布，并观察Ca在亚细胞水平上的分布规律。【结果】病果的果皮中Ca含量显著低于健果，而K和Mg含量与健果无显著差别。X射线微区分析证明，健果果皮中Ca和K的X射线峰值显著高于病果的，健果果肉中Ca峰值显著高于病果的，K的峰值相反，但病斑区域K峰值极高。在健果中，Ca颗粒大量存在于果皮或果肉的液泡中，且分布均匀，但在病果中，Ca颗粒分布显著减少，尤其是在病斑区域的果皮细胞中，大量Ca颗粒出现在内陷的液泡膜之外，且其细胞形状不规则，内含物减少，内部形成大小不同的囊泡。【结论】病果的果皮组织中Ca含量明显低于健果的，病斑区果肉中积累大量的K。果皮细胞内Ca外泄，液泡内Ca明显减少。这些揭示细胞内Ca参与苹果果实痘斑病的发生。

关键词: 富士苹果 , 痘斑病 , Ca营养 , 元素分布

Abstract: 【Objective】 In order to investigate the content and micro-zone distribution of Ca, K and Mg in different parts of apple fruits with lenticel blotch pit and healthy fruits, and to analyze the relationship between Ca localization and lenticel blotch pit occurrence, thus, to clarify the cause of lenticel blotch pit in apple. 【Method】Apple (Malus domestica cv. Spur Fuji) with lenticel blotch pit and healthy fruits were used to determine the content and micro-zone distribution of Ca, K and Mg in fruit using atomic absorption spectrometry and X-ray energy spectra, respectively, and the cellular Ca localization was observed using ultracytochemical method.【Result】Ca content in peel tissue of apple fruit with lenticel blotch pit was significantly lower than that in healthy fruit. However, there were no significant difference in K and Mg contents between lenticel blotch pit fruit and healthy one. The results of X-ray microanalysis showed that the energy spectra intensity peak of Ca and K in peel tissue of healthy fruit were significantly higher than that of the one with lenticel blotch pit, but in the pulp tissue, the peaks of Ca and K were higher and lower in healthy fruit than that with lenticel blotch pit, respectively. And, the highest of K peak appeared in the zone of lenticel blotch pit. Numerous of Ca grains with uniform distribution were deposited in the vacuole of peel and pulp tissue in the healthy fruit. However, less Ca grains were observed in fruits with lenticel blotch pit, and especially, lots of Ca grains were showed at outside of tonoplast in the zone of lenticel blotch pit in peel tissue, and more, the cells shapes were irregular with lower inclusions, and formed some different sizes of vesicles.【Conclusion】Ca content in peel tissue of fruits with lenticel blotch pit was significantly lower than that in the healthy fruits. A lot of K accumulated in zone of lenticel blotch pit in fruit flesh. Intracellular Ca was reduced and got out of the cell in fruits with lenticel blotch pit, which revealed that Ca involved in and influenced the occurrence of the lenticel blotch pit.

Key words: ‘Fuji&rsquo, apple , lenticel blotch pit , Ca nutrition , element distribution

董宇12, 冯云霄1, 关军锋1. ‘富士’苹果痘斑病与Ca营养、分布和定位[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(18): 3834-3841.

DONG Yu-12, FENG Yun-Xiao-1, GUAN Jun-Feng-1. Lenticel Blotch Pit and Ca Nutrition, Distribution and Localization in ‘Fuji’ Apple Fruit[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(18): 3834-3841.

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