刻芽、扭枝和去顶梢对富士苹果枝条导水率、激素含量和花芽形成的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.17.013

中国农业科学 ›› 2013, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (17): 3643-3650.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.17.013

刻芽、扭枝和去顶梢对富士苹果枝条导水率、激素含量和花芽形成的影响

李雪薇1, 李丙智1, 刘富庭1, 张林森1, 韩明玉1, 胥生荣2, 张永旺1, 刘航空1

1.西北农林科技大学园艺学院，陕西杨陵 712100
2.西北农林科技大学林学院，陕西杨陵 712100

收稿日期:2012-11-12 出版日期:2013-09-01 发布日期:2013-04-19
通讯作者: 通信作者李丙智，Tel：13096961122；E-mail：bzhli530530@163.com
作者简介:李雪薇，Tel：15829795215；E-mail：306578141@qq.com
基金资助:
国家苹果产业技术体系（CARS-28）、农业部公益性行业专项（Nyhyzx07-024）、陕西省科技厅重大攻关项目（2011KTZB02-02-05）

Effects of Bud-Notching, Twisting Shoot and Removing Terminal Shoot on Branches Hydraulic Conductivity, Hormone Content and Flower Bud Formation of Fuji Apple

LI Xue-Wei-1, LI Bing-Zhi-1, LIU Fu-Ting-1, ZHANG Lin-Sen-1, HAN Ming-Yu-1, XU Sheng-Rong-2, ZHANG Yong-Wang-1, LIU Hang-Kong-1

1.College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
2.College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi

Received:2012-11-12 Online:2013-09-01 Published:2013-04-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究拉枝后刻芽、扭枝和去顶梢处理对富士枝条导水率、侧芽激素和花芽形成的影响，找出有效的促花措施,为其推广应用提供理论依据。【方法】以3年生矮化中间砧富士（“红富士/M26/新疆野苹果”）为材料，研究拉枝后刻芽、扭枝和去顶梢处理对幼树的枝条导水率、侧芽激素含量、成枝率、成花情况和平均单株产量的影响。【结果】拉枝后进行扭枝、刻芽和去顶梢的综合处理与对照相比使枝条的茎比导水率和叶比导水率分别降低了41.4%和39.1%；使花芽分化期侧芽生长素、赤霉素含量减少,细胞分裂素、脱落酸含量增加；抑制侧枝总长的增长量减小39.7%；成枝率提高32.7%；平均单株成花数和平均单株产量分别提高2.3倍和3.3倍。枝条导水率和侧芽激素的变化最终抑制树势旺长,并促进树体花芽分化。拉枝后刻芽和刻芽加去顶梢均对富士苹果成花具有一定的促进作用,但不如扭枝显著,且拉枝后扭枝和刻芽加去顶梢的综合处理效果最为明显。【结论】富士苹果拉枝后进行刻芽、扭枝和去顶梢的综合处理可以有效抑制树体营养生长,促进花芽分化,使开花数量和平均单株产量提高,有效解决富士幼树拉枝难以成花的生产问题。

关键词: 拉枝 , 刻芽 , 扭枝 , 去顶梢 , 促花效应

Abstract: 【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of Fuji branches hydraulic conductivity, hormone content and flower bud formation under the treatments of bud-notching, twisting shoot and removing terminal shoot, and then find the best method to promote flower bud formation.【Method】The 3-year-old field-cultivated Fuji (Malus domestica Borkh cv.Red Fuji /M26/M. sieversii (Ledeb) Roem) were used as materials to explore the changes of branches hydraulic conductivity, lateral buds hormone content, shooting percentage, flower bud formation and average yield per tree treated by bud-notching, twisting shoot and removing terminal shoot together after shoot-bending.【Result】Compared with the control, the integrated method of bud-notching, twisting shoot and removing terminal shoot together with shoot-bending significantly decreased stem and leaf area specific conductivity by 41.4% and 39.1%. The endogenous IAA, GAs in lateral buds treated with the integrated method decreased, while ZR, ABA content increased at flower bud differentiation stage. The shooting percentage enhanced by 32.7% in comparison with the control. The amount of blossoms and average yield per tree increased 2.3 times and 3.3 times more than those of control, respectively. The changes of branches hydraulic conductivity and lateral buds hormone content weakened tree vigor, while accelerated flower bud differentiation. The methods of bud-notching and removing terminal shoot after shoot-bending both had effects on Fuji flower bud formation, but the effects of the integrated method of bud-notching, twisting shoot and removing terminal shoot together with shoot-bending was most significant.【Conclusion】The integrated method of bud-notching, twisting shoot and removing terminal shoot together with shoot-bending inhibited tree vegetative growth, thus resulted in acceleration of flower development and increase of yield significantly.

Key words: shoot-bending , bud-notching , twisting shoot , removing terminal shoot , promote flower bud formation

李雪薇1, 李丙智1, 刘富庭1, 张林森1, 韩明玉1, 胥生荣2, 张永旺1, 刘航空1. 刻芽、扭枝和去顶梢对富士苹果枝条导水率、激素含量和花芽形成的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(17): 3643-3650.

LI Xue-Wei-1, LI Bing-Zhi-1, LIU Fu-Ting-1, ZHANG Lin-Sen-1, HAN Ming-Yu-1, XU Sheng-Rong-2, ZHANG Yong-Wang-1, LIU Hang-Kong-1. Effects of Bud-Notching, Twisting Shoot and Removing Terminal Shoot on Branches Hydraulic Conductivity, Hormone Content and Flower Bud Formation of Fuji Apple[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(17): 3643-3650.

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刻芽、扭枝和去顶梢对富士苹果枝条导水率、激素含量和花芽形成的影响

Effects of Bud-Notching, Twisting Shoot and Removing Terminal Shoot on Branches Hydraulic Conductivity, Hormone Content and Flower Bud Formation of Fuji Apple

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