三种捕食性瓢虫的种间竞争作用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.19.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】明确多种捕食性天敌田间混合释放后的种群动态，探索瓢虫种间干扰的行为学基础和在生态位上的竞争关系。【方法】在田间农业生态系统中混合释放异色瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫及多异瓢虫，对种群发展动态连续监测；在室内对3种瓢虫的1龄幼虫对卵及4龄幼虫之间互残现象进行观察；对自然生境中3种瓢虫的猎物资源进行确认和资源等级划分，并计算各瓢虫的生态位宽度及生态位重叠系数。【结果】3种捕食性瓢虫在混合种群释放后个体数量均线性上升，异色瓢虫的上升速率显著大于其余2种瓢虫。各瓢虫均倾向于取食异种瓢虫的卵和幼虫，其中异色瓢虫攻击取食卵的能力显著大于其余2种瓢虫。异色瓢虫4龄幼虫在互残后的存活数量显著大于其余2种瓢虫，且伤残比例仅为龟纹瓢虫的22.3%及多异瓢虫的29.8%。基于田间观测结果，异色瓢虫共取食17种猎物，占总量89.5%，龟纹瓢虫共取食12种猎物，占总量的63.2%，多异瓢虫共取食9种猎物，占总量的47.4%。计算异色瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫和多异瓢虫的生态位宽度分别为0.713，0.393和0.304；所得生态位重叠系数异色瓢虫与龟纹瓢虫为0.992，龟纹瓢虫与多异瓢虫为0.983，异色瓢虫与多异瓢虫为0.964。【结论】异色瓢虫与其它捕食性瓢虫在田间释放时表现出很强的竞争作用。异色瓢虫可以通过较高的种间互残及攻击防御能力提高自身在营养水平低下情况时的生存概率。异色瓢虫的生态位宽度高，且与其它瓢虫的生态位重叠程度大。因此异色瓢虫的存在会严重影响同生态位其它捕食性瓢虫的种群增长。

关键词: 异色瓢虫, 龟纹瓢虫, 多异瓢虫, 同资源种团, 竞争模型, 生态位重叠

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to determine the population dynamics of various predacious ladybird beetles after mixed releasing in the field, the behavioural bases in interspecific disturbance and the interspecific competition in niche level. 【Method】The population dynamics of the three predacious ladybird beetles, Harmonia axyridis, Propylea japonica and Hippodamia variegate were monitored after they were introduced into agricultural ecosystem. The cannibalism was observed with 1st instar larvae to eggs and 4th instar larvae each other among these three intraguild predators. Based on the field survey, the food prey of these three ladybirds as different resource levels were separated, and the niche breadth and niche overlap index were calculated. 【Result】The total scale of population showed linear increasing in all three ladybirds, and the rate in H. axyridis population was higher than others significantly. The eggs preyed in all ladybirds were tended to heterogenetic egg and larvae. The amount of egg consume in H. axyridis was significantly higher than other two and over 25% both. H. axyridis also showed the highest survival rate and the lowest damaged rate in survival samples, the damaged rates were only 22.3% to P. japonica and 29.8% to H. variegate. The field investigation showed that H. axyridis, P. japonica and H. variegate could prey 17 species (89.5% of the total), 12 species (63.2% of the total) and 9 species (47.4% of the total), respectively. The calculated niche breadths of H. Axyridis, P. japonica, H. variegate were 0.713, 0.393 and 0.304, rspectively. The niche overlap indexes were showed as H. axyridis to P. japonica was 0.992, P. japonica to H. variegate was 0.983 and H. axyridis to H. variegate was 0.964. 【Conclusion】H. axyridis showed extremely high competition with other predacious ladybird in field application. H. axyridis could obtain benefits via interspecific attacking under rare nutrition conditions. The wider niche breadth and higher niche overlap level of H. axyridis could influence the population development and niche separation of other predacious ladybird beetles.

Key words: Harmonia axyridis, Propylea japonica, Hippodamia variegate, intraguild predation, competition modeling, niche overlap

王甦, 谭晓玲, 徐红星, 张帆. 三种捕食性瓢虫的种间竞争作用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(19): 3980-3987.

WANG Su, TAN Xiao-Ling, XU Hong-Xing, ZHANG Fan. Interspecific Competition Among Three Predacious Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinelildae)[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(19): 3980-3987.

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