茶园昆虫化学生态学研究回顾与展望

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 20世纪90年代以来，中国率先对茶树—害虫—天敌三营养级之间化学通讯机制进行了深入探讨。明确了茶树释放顺-3-己烯-1-醇和反-2-己烯醛等绿叶气味引导害虫朝茶树定向，虫害茶树以及外源信号分子诱导茶树释放互利素。研究表明所释放的利它素苯甲醛、水杨酸甲酯、C5和C6醛和其它挥发物可引导天敌昆虫和蜘蛛向害虫定向搜寻。研制以色板为主结合使用信息素的专利产品用于黑刺粉虱和其它害虫的诱捕，研究了利用外源诱导物对害虫的拒食和对害虫天敌的诱集技术。此外还研究了茶树主要害虫的性信息素。在此基础上，今后将探究茶树互利素产生的生化和分子机理及其实用性技术，克隆和分析重要互利素基因，进一步扩大应用化学生态学进行茶树害虫防治的可能性。

关键词: 茶园 , 三营养级 , 化学通讯 , 诱捕剂 , 诱集剂

Abstract: The mechanism of chemical communication between the tea plants-insect pests-natural enemies among the tritrophic ecosystem in tea garden was investigated in China since the 1990s of 20th century. Results showed that the green leaf odours including the Z-3-hexen-1-ol and E-2-hexenal liberated from tea fresh leaves are the orientating cues for pests towards the host tea plant, while the synomones could be released from pest-damaged tea plants and tea plants treated by the exogenous elicitors. Investigation showed that those kairomones including benzaldehyde, MeSA, C5 and C6 aldehydes and other volatiles emitted from the tea plants damaged by insect pests or induced with exogenous elicitors could attract the natural enemies to orient towards pests. The patent product based on the coloured trap combined with the synomone was used in the trapping of citrus spiny whitefly, Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance) adults and other pests. The techniques of inducing the antifeeding activity of tea pests and attracting the natural enemies by using the exogenous elicitors were investigated. Besides, the sex pheromones of Tea looper Ectropis obliqua Prout and Tea tussock moth Euproctis pseudoconspersa Strand were investigated also. Based on these achievements, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms in the formation of synomones in tea plants and its application techniques, and the cloning and analysis of important genes related to synomone formation will be investigated in the future, so as to expand the possibility in the application of chemical ecology in the control of tea pests.

Key words: Tea garden , Tritrophic level , Chemical communication , Infochemicals-trapping preparation , Infochemicals- luring preparation

陈宗懋，韩宝瑜. 茶园昆虫化学生态学研究回顾与展望[J]. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(增刊): 3137-3142.

CHEN Zong-mao, HAN Bao-yu. Review and Prospect on the Research of Insect Chemical Ecology in Tea Garden[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2007, 40(增刊): 3137-3142.

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