中国农业科学

• 农业宏观研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

全国种植业适度规模经营研究回顾与展望

孟繁琪   

  1. 农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京 210014
  • 出版日期:2007-12-31 发布日期:2007-12-31
  • 作者简介:孟繁琪(1942-),男,河南孟津人,研究员。研究方向为农业经济及农业工程。Tel:025-84442082

Retrospect and Prospect of the Research on Moderate Scale Management of National Planting

MENG Fan-qi   

  1. Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014
  • Online:2007-12-31 Published:2007-12-31

摘要: 《全国种植业适度规模经营研究》是国务院农村发展研究中心、全国农业区划委员会和农业部共同委托农业部南京农业机械化研究所孟繁琪研究员主持,南京农业大学、江苏省委农工部、中国农业机械化科学研究院等15个单位75名研究人员参加,于20年前完成的一项重大课题,杜润生老前辈认为“在这一领域中可以说是首次作了系统性的研究”。本文作者曾参加987年中央5号文件的起草讨论,“在有条件的地方,在充分尊重农民意愿的前提下,积极引导发展农业的适度规模经营”正式写入文件。如果说20年前一系列的研究报告和论文多是引起了一些轰动,实质性进入政策的并不多,那么20年后的今天,情况已经发生了实质性的改变。本文分4个部分作了回顾和展望。第一部分扼要描述了立项的背景。第二部分简要叙述了取得的整体成果与成果的整体影响。第三部分概要论述了成果的6个“亮点”:分析了影响因素及因素影响的两重性;定义和规范“适度经营规模”;提出发展具有中国特色的“服务型农业机械化”;“双层经营”自身将走向自我否定;我国城市化道路的正确选择是“合理发展大城市和特大城市,积极发展中等城市,有选择有重点地发展小城镇,形成结构合理的城市群落”;对价格补贴与生产补贴的政策效应进行了比较。第四部分实事求是地检讨了在经营主体和土地制度选择问题上的历史局限和认识局限。

关键词: 农村经济体制 , 种植业 , 经营规模 , 机械化农业

Abstract: Research on Moderate Scale Management of National Planting was a major subject which was finished twenty years ago. Entrust by Development Research Center of the State Council, National Agricultural Zoning Committee and Ministry of Agriculture, researcher Meng Fan-qi who worked in Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture presided the subject participated by seventy-five research staff from fifteen units such as Nanjing Agricultural University, Farmers’ working ministry of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences. Mr. Du Run-sheng thought “it was the first systemic research in this field”. The author participated in the discussion of the Party Central Committee's “Document No. 5” in 1987. And “Positive guide to the development of agriculture moderate scale management in some developed region on the basis of respecting farmers’ desire” was wrote into “Document No. 5” formally. If a series of research reports and papers only brought some hit but not many substantial policies, then we can say the status changes now. The paper is consisted of four parts. In the first part, the background of establishing subject is described briefly. In the second part, the whole fruit and its effect are brought to the point. In the third part, six remarkable points of the fruit are presented: analyzing the factors and their duality, defining and standardizing “moderate scale management”, bringing forward developing “service-oriented agricultural mechanization” with Chinese Characteristics, pointing that “double management” will trend to self-negation, pointing that the correct choice of Chinese urbanization is to “develop big and mega cities reasonably, develop moderate cities positively, develop small cities with selectivity and emphasis and form city group with reasonable structure”, comparing the policy effect of price subsidy and production subsidy. In the last part, the historical and cognitive limitation is elaborated in the choice of management subjects and land institution.

Key words: Rural economic system , Plant farming , Management scale , Mechanized agriculture