中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (19): 4195-4207.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.19.001

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

植物表观转录组学:调控逆境响应的分子机制与抗逆育种展望

张策(), 张严妍, 刘璇东, 路笃贤, 林金星, 崔亚宁()   

  1. 北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院/林木遗传育种全国重点实验室/林木育种与生态修复国家工程研究中心/树木花卉育种生物工程国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-03 接受日期:2026-01-27 出版日期:2026-10-01 发布日期:2026-10-10
  • 通信作者:
    崔亚宁,E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 张策,E-mail:zhangcece@bjfu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    林木遗传育种全国重点实验室(北京林业大学)基本科研业务费项目(TGBFRF202501); 国家自然科学基金(32370740); 北京市科技新星计划(20230484251); 高等学校学科创新引智计划(B13007)

Plant Epitranscriptomics: Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Stress Responses and Prospects for Stress-Resistant Breeding

ZHANG Ce(), ZHANG YanYan, LIU XuanDong, LU DuXian, LIN JinXing, CUI YaNing()   

  1. College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University/National Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding/National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration/Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Tree and Flower Biobreeding, Beijing 100083
  • Received:2025-12-03 Accepted:2026-01-27 Published:2026-10-01 Online:2026-10-10

摘要:

植物RNA修饰(表观转录组)是植物连接环境信号与基因表达调控的核心枢纽,赋予了植物在无法移动的情况下快速适应复杂逆境的能力。本文系统综述了N6-甲基腺嘌呤(m6A)、5-甲基胞嘧啶(m5C)和细胞器C-to-U编辑等关键修饰在植物应对非生物胁迫(盐、干旱、极端温度、重金属)和生物胁迫中的调控机制。重点阐述了RNA修饰如何通过调控转录本稳定性(如高粱SbABA2)、翻译效率(如拟南芥CBFs)和蛋白结构(如小麦线粒体NAD9)协调植物激素信号转导、活性氧平衡和能量代谢稳态。此外,还探讨了长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)修饰在逆境调控中的新兴作用。在检测技术方面,对比了MeRIP-seq、miCLIP和纳米孔直接测序(Nanopore DRS)等技术的性能差异,特别指出了Nanopore技术在解析林木等复杂基因组植物全长转录本中的优势;同时介绍了DART-FISH可视化及基于CRISPR-dCas13的定点表观编辑技术在功能验证中的应用。最后,提出了基于“靶点挖掘-精准编辑-种质创制”的表观转录组工程化育种策略,为培育高产稳产的抗逆作物新品种提供了新思路。

关键词: RNA修饰, N6-甲基腺嘌呤, 逆境响应, 单分子测序, CRISPR成像, 表观转录组

Abstract:

As a critical interface bridging environmental cues and gene expression, plant RNA modifications (the epitranscriptome) empower sessile plants to adapt rapidly to fluctuating environments. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the regulatory mechanisms underlying key modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), and organellar C-to-U editing, under abiotic (salt, drought, extreme temperatures, heavy metals) and biotic stress conditions. We elucidate how these modifications orchestrate hormone signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, and energy metabolism by fine-tuning transcript stability (e.g., SbABA2 in sorghum), translation efficiency (e.g., CBFs in Arabidopsis), and protein structure (e.g., mitochondrial NAD9 in wheat). The emerging significance of modifications on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in stress resilience is also explored. Technologically, we critically evaluate MeRIP-seq, miCLIP, and Nanopore Direct RNA Sequencing (DRS), highlighting the superiority of Nanopore DRS in resolving full-length transcripts within complex plant genomes, particularly in forestry species. Moreover, advances in functional verification tools, including DART-FISH and CRISPR-dCas13-mediated targeted editing, are presented. Concluding with a forward-looking perspective, we propose an epitranscriptome engineering strategy based on "target mining-precision editing-germplasm creation" to facilitate the breeding of high-yielding, stress-tolerant crops.

Key words: RNA modification, m6A, stress response, single-molecule sequencing, CRISPR imaging, epitranscriptome