基于生态位模型的地理标志农产品种植适宜性评价研究——以上高县紫皮大蒜为例

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.18.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】构建与地理标志农产品相契合的种植适宜性评价方法，弥补由于地理标志农产品独特的生长环境导致传统作物种植适宜性评价方法上存在的不足，为优化地理标志农产品种植提供重要科学参考。【方法】以江西省上高县为研究区，利用MaxEnt模型预测各指标因子的适宜范围及最适宜值，同时运用生态位适宜度模型计算各评价单元的生态位适宜度值，通过结合MaxEnt模型和生态位适宜度模型，建立基于生态位理论的适宜度指数综合模型，并从气候、土壤、立地和耕作条件4个方面分析研究区地理标志农产品—紫皮大蒜的种植适宜性。【结果】通过MaxEnt模型预测的各指标适宜范围与当前上高县紫皮大蒜种植现状数据相近，表明预测结果具有较高的可信度。此外，运用自然断点法划分各评价单元适宜等级，包括高度适宜区、比较适宜区、勉强适宜区和不适宜区4个等级。其中，高度适宜区面积为627.03 hm²，集中分布于塔下乡、蒙山镇和南港镇；比较适宜区面积为1 434.93 hm²，主要分布在泗溪镇、墨山乡和徐家渡镇；勉强适宜区面积为1 908.86 hm²，主要分布在野市乡和新界埠镇；不适宜区面积为1 381.43 hm²，主要分布在芦洲乡、镇渡乡、敖山镇和新界埠镇。【结论】建议将天山、江南等村作为种业种植村，马岗、梅沙等村作为推广种植村。MaxEnt模型预测的结果减少了生态位适宜度模型中各指标适宜范围及最适宜值的主观性，提高了预测结果的可信度。结合生态位适宜度模型与MaxEnt模型构建的生态位模型有效地预测了上高县地理标志农产品紫皮大蒜的适宜种植区域，为相似区域地理标志农产品的种植适宜性评价研究提供新思路。

关键词: 地理标志农产品, 生态位适宜度, MaxEnt模型, 种植适宜性评价, 上高县, 紫皮大蒜

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to construct a planting suitability evaluation method for compatible with geographical indication agricultural products, and to make up for the deficiencies in traditional crop planting suitability evaluation method due to the unique growing environment of geographical indication agricultural products, so as to provide important scientific references for optimizing the planting of geographical indication agricultural products. 【Method】 Taking Shanggao County of Jiangxi Province as the study area, MaxEnt model was used to predict the suitability range and optimal value of each index factor, and niche-fitness model was used to calculate the ecological niche suitability value of each evaluation unit. A comprehensive model of suitability index was established based on ecological niche theory by combining MaxEnt model and niche-fitness model, which was used to analyze the suitability of cultivation of purple-skinned garlic, a geographical indication agricultural product of the study area, from the four aspects of climate, soil, site conditions and cultivation conditions.【Result】 The suitable range of each index predicted by MaxEnt model was similar to the current data of purple-skinned garlic planting in Shanggao County, which indicated that the prediction results had high credibility. In addition, the natural breakpoint method was applied to classify the suitability level of each evaluation unit, including four levels: highly suitable, more suitable, barely suitable, and unsuitable areas. Among them, the highly suitable area was 627.03 hm², centrally located in Taxia Township, Mengshan Township, and Nangang Township; the more suitable area was 1 434.93 hm², mainly located in Sixi Township, Moshan Township, and Xujiadu Township; the barely suitable area was 1 908.86 hm², mainly located in the Yeshi Township and the Xinjiebu Township; the unsuitable area was 1 381.43 hm², mainly located in Luzhou Township, Zhendu Township, Aoshan Township, and Xinjiebu Township.【Conclusion】 Tianshan and Jiangnan villages were recommended as seed planting villages, and Magang and Meisha villages were recommended as extension planting villages. The results predicted by the MaxEnt model reduced the subjectivity of the suitability range and optimal value of each indicator in the niche-fitness model, and improved the credibility of the prediction results. The ecological niche model constructed by combining the niche-fitness model and MaxEnt model effectively predicted the suitable planting area of purple-skinned garlic, a geographical indication agricultural product of Shanggao County, and provided a new idea for the study of planting suitability evaluation of geographical indication agricultural products in similar regions.

Key words: geographical indication agricultural products, ecological location suitability, MaxEnt model, planting suitability evaluation, Shanggao county, purple-skinned garlic

邹恒宇, 郭熙, 江叶枫, 李小毛, 陈琳, 白家奇. 基于生态位模型的地理标志农产品种植适宜性评价研究——以上高县紫皮大蒜为例[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(18): 3586-3600.

ZOU HengYu, GUO Xi, JIANG YeFeng, LI XiaoMao, CHEN Lin, BAI JiaQi. Evaluation of Planting Suitability of Geographical Indication Agricultural Products Based on Ecological Niche Model: The Case of Purple- Skinned Garlic in Shanggao County[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(18): 3586-3600.

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	LI J Y, CHEN Y T, GUO Y Q, HE Y X, FU J W, SHI M Z. Potential suitable areas of Symphyotrichum subulatum based on MaxEnt under future climate scenarios. Plant Protection, 2023, 49(2): 92-102. (in Chinese)

指标 Indicator	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	平均值 Average	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	平均值 Average
指标 Indicator	高品质种植区 High-quality growing area			低品质种植区 Low-quality growing area
pH	5.89	6.26	6.19	5.32	6.86	6.43
有机质含量 Organic content (g·kg^-1)	31.61	38.23	36.94	25.31	34.35	27.36
耕层厚度 Tillage thickness (cm)	26.98	33.94	28.64	16.35	21.34	17.64
表层土壤硫元素含量 Surface soil sulfur content (mg·kg^-1)	7.52	10.36	8.41	7.31	8.19	7.96
海拔 Altitude (m)	72.65	220.68	120.36	38.22	376.34	273.46
坡度 Slope (°)	2.19	7.64	4.33	2.03	6.38	4.26

指标 Indicator	高品质种植区 High-quality growing area	低品质种植区 Low-quality growing area
灌溉能力 Irrigation capacity	充分满足 Full fulfillment	充分满足 Full fulfillment
排水能力 Drainage capacity	充分满足 Full fulfillment	充分满足 Full fulfillment
母质类型 Parent material type	砂岩 Sandstone	砂岩、石灰岩 Sandstone, limestone
地形部位 Terrain area	坡中 Mid-slope	坡中、坡下 Mid-slope、down-slope
地貌类型 Landform type	盆地地貌 Basin landform	盆地地貌 Basin landform

因素 Factor	评价指标 Evaluation indicator	指标类型 Indicator type	适宜范围 Suitable range	最适宜值 Optimum value
气候条件 Climatic condition	10月至11月最低温 Minimum temperature from October to November	适度因子 Moderation factor	11.9—13.6 ℃	12.6 ℃
	10月至次年4月均温 Average temperature from October to April	适度因子 Moderation factor	11.4—12.7 ℃	11.9 ℃
	10月至次年4月均降雨量 Average precipitation October to April	适度因子 Moderation factor	880—950 mm	920 mm
土壤条件 Soil condition	pH	适度因子 Moderation factor	5.4—6.6	6.1
	耕层厚度 Tillage thickness	正向因子 Positive factor	>14.5 cm	30 cm
	有机质含量 Organic content	适度因子 Moderation factor	28—42 g·kg^-1	34 g·kg^-1
	表层土壤硫元素含量 Surface soil sulfur content	适度因子 Moderation factor	7.40—10.75 mg·kg^-1	8.37 mg·kg^-1
	母质类型 Parent material type	分级因子 Classification factor	砂岩、石灰岩 Sandstone, limestone	砂岩 Sandstone
立地条件 Terrestrial condition	海拔 Altitude	适度因子 Moderation factor	60—255 m	100 m
	坡度 Slope	适度因子 Moderation factor	2.3—8.8°	2.5°
	地形部位 Terrain area	分级因子 Classification factor	坡中、坡下、平原 Mid-slope, down-slope, plains	坡中 Mid-slope
	地貌类型 Landform type	分级因子 Classification factor	盆地地貌 Basin landform	盆地地貌 Basin landform
灌排条件 Irrigation and drainage condition	灌溉能力 Irrigation capacity	分级因子 Classification factor	充分满足 Full fulfillment	充分满足 Full fulfillment
灌排条件 Irrigation and drainage condition	排水能力 Drainage capacity	分级因子 Classification factor	一、二级 Grade 1 and Grade 2	一级 Grade 1

适宜性等级 Suitability level	面积 Area (hm²)	主要分布区域 Main distribution area
高度适宜 Highly suitable	627.03	塔下乡、蒙山镇、南港镇 Taxia Township, Mengshan Township and Nangang Township
比较适宜 More suitable	1434.93	泗溪镇、墨山乡、徐家渡镇 Sixi Township, Moshan Township and Xujiadu Township
勉强适宜 Barely suitable	1908.86	野市乡、新界埠镇 Yeshi Township and Xinjiebu Township
不适宜 Unsuitable	1381.43	芦洲乡、镇渡乡、敖山镇、新界埠镇 Luzhou Township, Zhendu Township, Aoshan Township and Xinjiebu Township
总计 Total	5352.25