中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 339-349.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.02.012
收稿日期:
2018-07-05
接受日期:
2018-11-12
出版日期:
2019-01-16
发布日期:
2019-01-21
通讯作者:
汤晓智
作者简介:
周剑敏,E-mail: 基金资助:
ZHOU JianMin,YIN FangPing,YU Chen,TANG XiaoZhi()
Received:
2018-07-05
Accepted:
2018-11-12
Online:
2019-01-16
Published:
2019-01-21
Contact:
XiaoZhi TANG
摘要: 【目的】 利用挤压协同酶法制备高粱蛋白ACE抑制肽,为提高高粱蛋白资源的利用效率提供参考。【方法】 以高粱粉为原料,先经挤压处理,再经淀粉酶酶解,最后通过碱性蛋白酶酶解,获得高粱蛋白ACE抑制肽。研究物料水分、挤压温度和淀粉酶活力对高粱蛋白酶解液的水解度和ACE抑制活性的影响,并探讨高粱蛋白ACE抑制肽的稳定性。【结果】 随着物料水分含量和挤压温度的增加,挤压过程中单位机械能耗(SME)逐渐降低。在挤压环境下,高粱中淀粉和蛋白质的相互结合变得松散,淀粉-蛋白质包埋体系被破坏;同时高粱中球形蛋白质体被打破,提高所获得高粱蛋白的酶敏感性,在碱性蛋白酶的作用下生成更多具有抑制活性的短肽。挤压过程中物料水分含量和挤压温度以及α-淀粉酶活力对高粱蛋白酶解液的水解度和ACE抑制率有显著影响。随着物料水分的增加,蛋白质分子的聚合程度下降,使得高粱蛋白酶解液的水解度和ACE抑制率随之增加,当物料水分增加至19%后,挤压过程对蛋白质周围的淀粉分子的破坏作用降低,水解度和ACE抑制率的上升趋势趋于平缓;当挤压温度从120℃增加至180℃时,高粱内部的蛋白质-淀粉包埋体系破坏加剧,同时蛋白质的空间结构在高温作用下的变性程度加大,高粱蛋白酶解液的水解度由7.42%增加至11.06%,同时高粱蛋白ACE抑制肽的抑制率也由46.57%增加至53.41%;挤压后高粱粉经α-淀粉酶处理,进一步去除包裹在蛋白质周围的淀粉,发现随着α-淀粉酶活力的增加,高粱内部的蛋白质-淀粉包埋体系破坏程度加剧,为制备高粱蛋白ACE抑制肽提供更多原料,导致高粱蛋白酶解液的水解度和ACE抑制率随之增加,当α-淀粉酶活力增加至2.0 U·g -1时,淀粉酶与淀粉结合达到饱和状态,水解度和ACE抑制率趋于稳定。高粱蛋白ACE抑制肽经温度和酸碱处理后,ACE抑制活性在68.1%—71.31%,保持了良好的抑制活性;高粱蛋白ACE抑制肽在体外经胃肠道酶系消化酶解后,ACE抑制活性均高于73%,依然保持了较强的ACE抑制活性,说明挤压协同酶法制备的高粱蛋白ACE抑制肽具有长期保存有效性,同时能够在胃肠道消化后保持生物活性。 【结论】 采用挤压协同酶法可以显著提高高粱蛋白酶解液的水解度和ACE抑制肽的活性,同时制备的高粱蛋白ACE抑制肽具有良好的稳定性,为拓宽高粱的利用和制备功能性食品配料提供了一条新途径。
周剑敏,尹方平,于晨,汤晓智. 挤压协同酶法制备高粱蛋白ACE抑制肽及其稳定性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(2): 339-349.
ZHOU JianMin,YIN FangPing,YU Chen,TANG XiaoZhi. Preparation and Stability of Sorghum ACE Inhibitory Peptides by Extrusion-Enzyme Synergistic Method[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(2): 339-349.
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