体外法研究纤维日粮的发酵特性及对猪氮排放相关指标的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.19.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】利用体外法探讨并比较不同纤维日粮的发酵特性及对猪氮排放相关指标的影响，为生猪生产中合理应用日粮纤维及减少氮排放的日粮配制提供试验依据。【方法】选择小麦、麦麸与燕麦麸3种原料，采用酶-重量法（AOAC Method 985.29）提取原料中的总日粮纤维组分，得到小麦纤维、麦麸纤维与燕麦麸纤维。以玉米-豆粕为基础，分别添加5%的提取纤维，形成3种纤维日粮：小麦纤维日粮（WF）、麦麸纤维日粮（WBF）与燕麦麸纤维日粮（OBF）。利用单胃动物仿生消化系统（SDS-Ⅱ）模拟猪胃-小肠消化；采集6头健康、体重接近的生长猪的新鲜粪便，混合均匀后与培养液按一定比例配制接种液，定量装入发酵瓶中模拟大肠发酵。日粮经胃-小肠仿生消化后，称取200 mg的消化产物于装有30 mL接种液的发酵瓶中，转入（39±0.25）℃培养箱中，分别在发酵4、12、24、36、48和72 h，取出对应发酵瓶，收集发酵残渣与发酵液，进行相关指标的检测。【结果】在体外大肠发酵阶段，不同纤维日粮组的干物质降解率（IVDMD）及发酵液短链脂肪酸（SCFA）含量、pH、氨氮（NH₃-N）浓度、微生物蛋白（MCP）产量有显著差异（P＜0.05）：(1)在发酵4与12 h，OBF组的IVDMD在3组中最高（P＜0.01），其他时间点3组差异不显著（P＞0.05）。在4 h，OBF组的IVDMD比WF组与WBF组分别高18.32%、15.21%（P＜0.01）；在12 h，比WF组与WBF组分别高14.87%、10.06%（P＜0.01）。(2)在发酵24与36 h，OBF组发酵液总SCFA含量显著高于其他两组（P＜0.05），在72 h，OBF组与WBF组极显著高于WF组（P＜0.01），在4与12 h，OBF组有高于其他两组的趋势（P=0.0599；P=0.0504）。在24 h，OBF组发酵液总SCFA含量比WF组与WBF组分别高27.32%、17.11%（P＜0.05）；在36 h，比WF组与WBF组分别高16.65%、25.96%（P＜0.05）。(3)在发酵4与12 h，OBF组发酵液pH在3组中最低（P＜0.01）；在24、36与72 h，OBF组与WBF组显著低于WF组（P＜0.05）。(4)在发酵24与48 h，OBF组发酵液NH₃-N浓度显著低于其他两组（P＜0.05），并在12 h，有低于其他两组的趋势（P=0.0559）。在24 h，OBF组发酵液NH₃-N浓度比WF组与WBF组分别低6.86%、4.59%（P＜0.05）；在48 h，比WF组与WBF组分别低8.44%、7.09%（P＜0.05）。(5)在发酵4 h，OBF组发酵液MCP产量显著高于其他两组（P＜0.05），并分别在12、24 h与36、48 h，显著高于WF组与WBF组（P＜0.05）。在4 h，OBF组发酵液MCP产量比WF组与WBF组分别高69.85%、82.25%（P＜0.05）。【结论】体外条件下，燕麦麸纤维显著提高了日粮在发酵阶段的干物质降解率、发酵液总短链脂肪酸含量与微生物蛋白产量，并显著降低了发酵液pH与氨氮浓度。因此，相比小麦纤维与麦麸纤维，燕麦麸纤维在促进微生物发酵及氮减排方面具有更高的潜力。

关键词: 日粮纤维, 生长猪, 体外发酵, 发酵特性, 氮排放相关指标

Abstract: 【Objective】The present study was conducted to investigate and compare the fermentation characteristics and effects on nitrogen excretion related indicators of different fiber diets using an in vitro method in pigs. The study aimed to provide an experimental basis for the rational application of dietary fiber in pig production and for the preparation of diets to reduce nitrogen excretion. 【Method】Wheat fiber (WF), wheat bran fiber (WBF) and oat bran fiber (OBF) were purified from wheat, wheat bran and oat bran, respectively, using the enzyme-gravimetric method (AOAC Method 985.29). WF diet, WBF diet and OBF diet based on maize and soybean were formulated to contain 5% WF, WBF and OBF. The three fiber diets were undergone a stomach-small intestine digestion of pigs by simulative digestion system (SDS-II). A total of six growing pigs, which were in good health and had similar weight, were used to collect fresh feces. The mixed feces and culture solution were compounded in an appropriate proportion to prepare inocula which were quantitatively charged into fermentation flasks for simulating large intestine fermentation. After the stomach-small intestine digestion, the digestive products were pooled. 200 mg digestive products were added into a fermentation flask filled with 30 mL of inocula, placed in an incubator at (39±0.25)℃. The fermentation were stopped at 4, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h of incubation. Then the fermentation residues and fermentation broth were collected, and the relevant indicators were determined.【Result】The results indicated that in the large intestine fermentation stage, there were significant differences in dry matter degradability during the in vitro fermentation (IVDMD) and total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration, pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentration and microbial protein (MCP) production in fermentation broth among the three fiber groups (P＜0.05): (1) At 4 h and 12 h, OBF group had the highest IVDMD among the three groups (P＜0.01), and no significant differences at other point in time(P＞0.05). At 4 h, the IVDMD of OBF group was 18.32% and 15.21% higher than WF group and WBF group, respectively (P＜0.01); at 12 h, OBF group was 14.87% and 10.06% higher than WF group and WBF group, respectively (P＜0.01). (2) As for total SCFA concentration in fermentation broth, at 24 h and 36 h, OBF group was significantly higher than other groups (P＜0.05); at 72 h, OBF group and WBF group were significantly higher than WF group (P＜0.01); at 4 h and 12 h, OBF group had a higher trend than other groups (P=0.0599; P=0.0504). At 24 h, the total SCFA concentration of OBF group was 27.32% and 17.11% higher than WF group and WBF group, respectively (P＜0.05); at 36 h, OBF group was 16.65% and 25.96% higher than WF group and WBF group, respectively (P＜0.05). (3) As for pH in fermentation broth, at 4 h and 12 h, OBF group had the lowest values among the three groups (P＜0.01); at 24 h, 36 h and 72 h, OBF group and WBF group were significantly lower than WF group (P＜0.05). (4) As for NH₃-N concentration in fermentation broth, OBF group was significantly lower than other groups at 24 h and 48 h (P＜0.05) and had a lower trend at 12 h (P=0.0559). At 24 h, the NH₃-N concentration of OBF group was 6.86% and 4.59% lower than WF group and WBF group, respectively (P＜0.05); at 48 h, OBF group was 8.44% and 7.09% lower than WF group and WBF group, respectively (P＜0.05). (5) As for MCP production in fermentation broth, OBF group had the highest value among the three groups at 4 h (P＜0.05); at 12 h, 24 h and at 36 h, 48 h, respectively, OBF group was significantly higher than WF group and WBF group (P＜0.05). At 4 h, the MCP production of OBF group was 69.85% and 82.25% higher than WF group and WBF group, respectively (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】In conclusion, oat bran fiber significantly increased IVDMD, total SCFA concentration and MCP production in fermentation broth, and significantly lowered pH and NH₃-N concentration in fermentation broth. Thus, compared to wheat fiber and wheat bran fiber, oat bran fiber had a good potential in promoting microorganism fermentation and reducing nitrogen excretion.

Key words: dietary fiber, growing pig, in vitro fermentation, fermentation characteristics, nitrogen excretion related indicators

朱丽媛，卢庆萍，夏冰，刘正群，孙永波，张宏福. 体外法研究纤维日粮的发酵特性及对猪氮排放相关指标的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(19): 3817-3827.

ZHU LiYuan, LU QingPing, XIA Bing, LIU ZhengQun, SUN YongBo, ZHANG HongFu. The Fermentation Characteristics and Effects on Nitrogen Excretion Related Indicators of Different Fiber Diets Using an in vitro Method in Pigs[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(19): 3817-3827.

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