UV-B辐射对青杄花粉管生长的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.05.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究UV-B辐射对青杄花粉管生长和细胞壁构建的影响，为阐明UV-B辐射对裸子植物花粉管生长的影响及其机制提供依据。【方法】以裸子植物青杄（Picea wilsonii）花粉为材料，首先检测在可见光背景下增补不同强度UV-B辐射后处理花粉24 h对花粉管长度和顶端宽度的影响，确定UV-B辐射处理对花粉管生长的效应及其适宜处理强度；然后对单纯可见光下以及可见光和适宜强度的UV-B辐射复合处理下生长24 h的花粉管，用荧光探针Calcofluor和水溶性苯胺蓝分别标记花粉管细胞壁中纤维素和胼胝质后在荧光显微镜下观察并比较它们在细胞壁中的分布，用单克隆抗体LM19和LM20分别标记花粉管细胞壁中酸性果胶质和酯化果胶质后在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下观察并比较它们在细胞壁中的分布。【结果】在可见光和0、0.2、0.4、0.6和0.8 W·m^-2的UV-B辐射复合处理下生长24 h的青杄花粉管，随着UV-B辐射强度的增大，花粉管长度逐渐变短，许多花粉管呈现顶端膨大，说明UV-B辐射抑制青杄花粉管的极性生长，且具有强度依赖性；UV-B辐射强度达到0.4 W·m^-2时开始显著抑制青杄花粉管生长，说明0.4 W·m^-2为适宜的UV-B辐射处理强度。在单纯可见光下，纤维素在花粉管细胞壁上均匀分布，胼胝质均匀分布在花粉管侧壁而顶端细胞壁中分布较少，酸性果胶质仅分布在花粉管侧壁上，而酯化果胶质仅分布在花粉管顶端细胞壁中；在可见光和0.4 W·m^-2 UV-B辐射复合处理下，纤维素和胼胝质在花粉管顶端细胞壁中的分布显著大于侧壁，酸性果胶质由原来仅分布于花粉管侧壁转变为主要分布于花粉管顶端和亚顶端的细胞壁，酯化果胶质由原来仅分布在花粉管顶端细胞壁转变为分布于整个花粉管细胞壁中。【结论】UV-B辐射对裸子植物青杄花粉管极性生长具有抑制效应，该效应是由于UV-B辐射影响了花粉管细胞壁中纤维素、胼胝质、酸性果胶质和酯化果胶质等构建物的正常定向分布。

关键词: UV-B辐射, 青杄, 花粉管, 细胞壁构建, 极性生长

Abstract: 【Objective】 The effects and mechanisms of UV-B on pollen tube growth and cell wall construction were investigated in the gymnosperm, Picea wilsonii.【Method】To determine the effect and suitable radiation density of UV-B on pollen tube growth of gymnosperms Picea wilsonii, the pollen tube length and tube tip width were measured when pollen grains were incubated for 24 h under visible light with different densities of UV-B radiation. To determine the effect of UV-B on the pollen tube cell wall constructions, pollen grains were incubated for 24 h under visible light alone or in conjunction with suitable UV-B radiation density, and the distribution of cellulose and callose stained with calcofluor and aniline blue, respectively in the pollen tube cell walls were observed under fluorescence microscopy. The distribution of acidic and esterified pectins in the pollen tube cell walls were observed under laser scanning confocal microscopy using the immunolabeled monoclonal antibodies LM19 and LM20, respectively. 【Result】 When pollen grains were incubated under visible light with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 W·m^-2 UV-B radiation for 24 h, the pollen tubes were gradually shortened and many of them exhibited swollen tips with increasing density of UV-B radiation. This indicated that UV-B inhibits pollen tube growth in a density-dependent manner. When UV-B radiation density was increased to 0.4 W·m^-2, the pollen tube growth was significantly inhibited, suggesting that 0.4 W·m^-2 is a sufficient UV-B radiation density to inhibit pollen tube growth of Picea wilsonii. Under visible light alone, cellulose was distributed uniformly in the wall of pollen tubes, callose was uniformly distributed along the tube shank with a very faint distribution in the apical region of pollen tubes. Acidic pectins were deposited along the tube except in the apical region, while esterified pectins were present only at the tube tips. Under conditions of visible light with 0.4 W·m^-2 UV-B radiation, the distributions of cellulose and callose in the apical region of pollen tubes were significantly higher than that in the tube shank. Acidic pectins were mainly deposited in the apical and subapical regions of pollen tubes, while esterified pectins were deposited throughout the wall of pollen tubes.【Conclusion】UV-B radiation inhibits the polarized growth of Picea wilsonii pollen tubes via affecting the normal orientation distribution of construction components of the pollen tube cell wall, such as cellulose, callose, acidic and esterified pectins.

Key words: UV-B radiation, Picea wilsonii, pollen tubes, cell wall construction, polarized growth

刘艾京，李妮，马敏，贺军民. UV-B辐射对青杄花粉管生长的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(5): 825-831.

LIU Ai-jing, LI Ni, MA Min, HE Jun-min. Effects of UV-B Radiation on Pollen Tube Growth in Picea wilsonii[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(5): 825-831.

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