籼粳超级杂交稻育种技术创新与品种培育

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】针对籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用存在的生育期偏长、结实率偏低、制种产量较低等问题，开展籼粳亚种间超级杂交稻育种技术创新与实践。【方法】通过籼粳渐渗杂交，选育花时早、柱头外露高的粳型保持系，进一步转育高异交率粳型不育系。通过籼粳渐渗杂交、广亲和基因分子标记辅助选择、籼粳成分定向选择等技术手段，选育穗型大、茎秆粗壮、广亲和性好、恢复谱广的籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系，并比较与普通粳稻恢复系在主要农艺性状、程氏指数、广亲和特性、广亲和基因、恢复谱等方面的差异。采用“粳不籼恢”和“籼不粳恢”2种配组方式，比较两者的光温反应类型表现与异交结实率差异。利用粳型不育系春江16A、籼型不育系五丰A与CH58、C84、C927等籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系配组，选育“粳不籼恢”或“籼不粳恢”籼粳亚种间杂交稻。【结果】在高异交率粳型不育系创制方面，转育出早花时粳型不育系春江16A以及春江99A、春江23A等早花时、高柱头外露率粳型不育系，制种产量明显提高；在籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系创新方面，选育出CH58、C84、C927等穗型大、茎秆粗壮、广亲和性好、恢复谱广的籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系。晚粳不育系/籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系的杂种一代表现为较强的感光特性，中粳不育系/籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系的杂种一代表现为感温特性，早籼不育系/籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系的杂种一代光温反应类型则表现不一。无论是“粳不籼恢”还是“籼不粳恢”配组，父母本的花时差小、不育系柱头外露率高，则有利于提高制种的异交结实率。采用“粳不籼恢”和“籼不粳恢”的配组方式，利用粳型不育系春江16A、籼型不育系五丰A与C84等籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系配组，选育出春优84、五优84等籼粳亚种间杂交稻并通过品种审定，表现出穗型大、杂种优势强、增产潜力大、抗倒性强、结实率高、后期耐寒性好等优点。【结论】通过籼粳渐渗杂交，成功转育出花时早、柱头外露率高的高异交率粳型不育系。籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系携带有S5-n，恢复谱广，明显不同于普通粳稻恢复系。中粳不育系/籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系的杂种一代表现为感温特性，有利于缩短全生育期。不育系柱头外露率高、父母本的花时差小，有利于提高籼粳亚种间杂交稻制种的异交结实率；选育出春优84等籼粳超级杂交稻组合。

关键词: 籼粳超级杂交稻, 高异交率粳型不育系, 籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系, 技术创新

Abstract: 【Objective】The indica-japonica super hybrid rice breeding technology innovation and practice had been carried out in to improve with problematic characters, such as longer growth period, lower seed setting rate and lower seed yield existing in the utilization of heterosis between indica rice and japonica rice. 【Method】Japonica maintainer lines with early flowering and high rates of stigma exsertion were developed by indica-japonica intergression crossing. Using these materials, high outcrossing rate japonica CMS lines were bred. Indica-japonica intermediate type restorer lines with wide compatibility were bred by means of indica-japonica intergression crossing, molecular marker assisted selection of wide compatibility gene and directional selection of indica and japonica components. The main agronomic traits of these type’s Cheng’s index, wide compatibility and gene restoring spectrum were compared with the japonica restorer line. The light-temperature reaction type and the outcrossing rate were also compared between japonica-indica hybrid rice and indica-japonica hybrid rice. The japonica-indica hybrid rice and indica-japonica hybrid rice were bred from japonica CMS line Chunjiang 16A, indica CMS line Wufeng A and the indica-japonica intermediate type restorer lines CH58, C84 and C927 with wide compatibility. 【Result】The japonica CMS lines Chunjiang 16A, Chunjiang 99A and Chunjiang 23A with early flowering and/or high rate of stigma exsertion were developed by indica-japonica intergression crossing, and their seed yield increased significantly. The indica-japonica intermediate type restorer lines CH58, C84 and C927 with wide compatibility were bred, which had characteristics of large panicles, strong stems, good wide compatibility and wide restoring spectrum. The F₁of late season japonica CMS lines/indica-japonica intermediate type restorer lines with wide compatibility showed stronger photoperiod-sensitivity, while the F₁of middle season japonica CMS lines/indica-japonica intermediate type restorer lines with wide compatibility had increased temperature-sensitivity, but the light-temperature reaction type F₁were different between early season indica CMS lines/indica-japonica intermediate type restorer lines with wide compatibility. Larger stigma exsertion rates of CMS lines and smaller differences in spikelet flowering rates before noon of parents were beneficial in increasing the outcrossing rate of the japonica-indica hybrid rice and indica-japonica hybrid rice. Chunyou 84 and Wuyou 84 which developed from japonica CMS line Chunjiang 16A, indica CMS line Wufeng A and the indica-japonica intermediate type restorer line C84, and showed the advantage of large panicle, strong heterosis, high yield potential, high lodging resistance, high seed setting rate and strong cold tolerance. These two were released provincially.【Conclusion】 Japonica CMS lines with early flowering and high rates of stigma exsertion were developed by indica-japonica intergression crossing. The indica-japonica intermediate type restorer lines with S5-n gene and wide restoring spectrum were different from the ordinary japonica restorer line. The F₁ of middle season japonica CMS lines/indica-japonica intermediate type restorer lines with wide compatibility were temperature-sensitive, with a marked benefit to shorten the whole growth period. Larger stigma exsertion rates of CMS lines and smaller differences on spikelet flowering rates before noon of the parental lines were effective in increasing the outcrossing rates of the japonica-indica hybrid rice and indica-japonica hybrid rice. The indica-japonica super hybrid rice Chunyou 84 was released provincially.

Key words: indica-japonica super hybrid rice, high outcrossing rate japonica CMS lines, indica-japonica intermediate type restorer lines with wide compatibility, technology innovation

林建荣，宋昕蔚，吴明国，程式华. 籼粳超级杂交稻育种技术创新与品种培育[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(2): 207-218.

LIN Jian-rong, SONG Xin-wei, WU Ming-guo, CHENG Shi-hua. Breeding Technology innovation of Indica-Japonica Super Hybrid Rice and Varietal Breeding[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(2): 207-218.

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