磷高效野生大麦拔节期对植酸态有机磷的利用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.16.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨磷高效野生大麦对植酸态磷的吸收利用能力，分析植酸态磷处理对不同磷效率野生大麦生长、磷素吸收及根际土壤特征的影响，为阐明低磷胁迫下磷高效野生大麦对有机磷的利用机理提供理论依据。【方法】低磷土壤盆栽条件下，以前期筛选得到的野生大麦磷高效基因型IS-22-30、IS-22-25和磷低效基因型IS-07-07为供试材料，有机磷源为植酸钠，设3个施磷水平，即不施磷（CK）、施磷（P）15 mg·kg^-1土（Po15）、30 mg·kg^-1土（Po30），研究拔节期有机磷处理对不同磷效率野生大麦生物量、磷素积累量、根系酸性磷酸酶和植酸酶活性、根际土壤酸性磷酸酶和植酸酶活性及有机磷各组分含量的影响。【结果】（1）随有机磷水平提高，野生大麦生物量和磷素积累量均显著增加，而根冠比呈减小趋势。各处理下，磷高效基因型生物量、磷素积累量和根冠比均大于低效基因型。且随着有机磷水平的提高，磷高效基因型生物量和磷素积累量增幅较大。（2）随有机磷水平降低，野生大麦根系酸性磷酸酶和植酸酶活性均显著增加。各处理下，磷高效基因型根系酸性磷酸酶和植酸酶活性显著高于低效基因型，分别是低效基因型的1.15—1.24倍和1.18—1.34倍。（3）野生大麦根际土壤酸性磷酸酶与植酸酶的活性明显高于非根际，且随有机磷水平提高，土壤酶活性呈显著增加的趋势。各处理下，磷高效基因型根际土壤酸性磷酸酶和植酸酶活性显著高于低效基因型，是低效基因型的1.23—1.33倍和1.15—1.30倍。（4）随有机磷水平提高，野生大麦根际、非根际土壤各有机磷组分含量显著增加。磷高效基因型根际与非根际土壤活性有机磷和中活性有机磷含量显著低于磷低效基因型，而中稳性有机磷和高稳性有机磷含量无基因型差异。由于对有机磷的耗竭，根际土壤有机磷各组分含量低于非根际。磷高效基因型根际土壤活性较强的活性有机磷和中活性有机磷出现明显亏缺，其亏缺范围为0.64—1.12 mg·kg^-1和13.8—33.9 mg·kg^-1。【结论】磷高效野生大麦基因型通过根系或根际微域微生物分泌更多的酸性磷酸酶和植酸酶，提高根际土壤中活性有机磷和中活性有机磷生物有效性，从而具有较强的有机磷吸收利用能力，更能适应有效态磷缺乏的土壤环境。

关键词: 野生大麦, 磷高效, 植酸态有机磷, 磷素吸收, 磷素积累量

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to explore the ability to uptake phytate-Po in P-efficient wild barley genotypes, analyze the variance in plant growth, P absorption and characteristics in rhizosphere soil, and to provide a theoretical basis for revealing the mechanism of Po utilization on P-efficient genotypes wild barley under low available P stress.【Method】P-efficient genotypes (IS-22-30 and IS-22-25) and the P-inefficient genotypes (IS-07-07) were identified by screening the genetic stocks of wild barley. They were grown in low P soil supplied Na-phytate in a pot experiment. The experiment consisted of three different Po fertilizer application treatments, including no Po (CK), 15 mg·kg^-1(Po15) and 30 mg·kg^-1 (Po30) in soil. The biomass production, P accumulation, acid phosphatase and phytase activities at root and rhizosphere, and organic phosphorus fractions in rhizosphere of different P efficiencies wild barley at jointing stage under different phytate-Po levels were measured. 【Result】The biomass production and P accumulation of different P efficiencies wild barley were significantly increased, while root/shoot ratio had a decreasing tendency by supplying phytate-Po. The biomass, P accumulation and root/shoot ratio of P-efficient genotypes were higher than those of P-inefficient genotype. In addition, the rate of increase in biomass and P accumulation of P-efficient genotypes was higher than that of P-inefficient genotype by supplying phytate-Po. Acid phosphatase and phytase activities in root were promoted in wild barley with decreasing of phytate-Po concentration. Acid phosphatase and phytase activities in root of P-efficient genotypes were observably higher by 1.15-1.24 times and 1.18-1.34 times than those of P-inefficient genotype, respectively. Acid phosphatase and phytase activities in the rhizosphere soil were higher than that of non-rhizosphere soils, and the enzyme activities increased significantly with the increasing concentration of phytate-Po. Furthermore, the enzyme activities in the rhizosphere soil of P-efficient genotypes were 1.23-1.33 times and 1.15-1.30 times than those of P-inefficient genotype under all Po levels. The concentration of organic phosphorus fractions in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of wild barley were increased by supplying Po. The labile organic phosphorus and moderate labile organic phosphorus of P-efficient genotypes were observably lower than those of P-inefficient genotype. However, for moderate resistant organic phosphorus and resistant organic phosphorus, there was no significant difference among different P efficiencies genotypes. The results showed that the concentrations of organic phosphorus fractions in rhizosphere soils were higher than those of non-rhizosphere soils due to the depletion of organic phosphorus. The waning of labile organic phosphorus and moderate labile organic phosphorus in rhizosphere soils of P-efficient genotypes was found, and the amounts of deficiency were 0.64-1.12 mg·kg^-1and 13.8-33.9 mg·kg^-1, respectively.【Conclusion】The biological availability of labile organic phosphorus and moderate labile organic phosphorus in rhizosphere soils of P-efficient wild barley genotypes was enhanced by more acid phosphatase and phytase for root or microorganism in rhizosphere microecology secreting. Thereby, P-efficient wild barley genotypes had superior ability to uptake and utilize Po, and could adapt to the soil environment in lack of available P.

Key words: wild barley, P-efficient, phytate-Po, P uptake, P accumulation

蔡秋燕，张锡洲，李廷轩，陈光登，吴德勇. 磷高效野生大麦拔节期对植酸态有机磷的利用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(16): 3146-3155.

CAI Qiu-yan, ZHANG Xi-zhou, LI Ting-xuan, CHEN Guang-deng, WU De-yong. The Utilization of Phytate Organic Phosphorus in P-Efficient Wild Barley Genotypes at Jointing Stage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(16): 3146-3155.

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