关键词: 冬小麦；10 000 kg·, hm^-2；产量构成因素；群体和个体性状；高产途径

Abstract: 【Objective】The purpose of this study is to explore the pathway that the super high yield level of wheat tops 10 000 kg·hm^-2 from 9 000 kg·hm^-2 in Hebei Province, and to definite yield component characters and population and individual features at various growth stages of super high yielding wheat over 10 000 kg·hm^-2, as well as the appropriate ecological conditions, so as to provide a theoretical basis for studying super highly-yielding cultivation technique system of wheat that can achieve the yield over 10 000 kg·hm^-2 stably in Hebei Province.【Method】The super high-yielding research was conducted by adopting different varieties and nitrogen application treatments in high-yielding field during 2010-2014 growing seasons of wheat, and combining with other super high-yielding cultivation technique measures. The yield results were divided into three levels, i.e., 9 000-9 500 kg·hm^-2, 9 500-10 000 kg·hm^-2 and ＞10 000 kg·hm^-2, and then the changes in yield components and population and individual features at various growth stages from 9 000 kg·hm^-2 to 10 000 kg·hm^-2 were analyzed. Meanwhile the appropriate ecological conditions benefiting high yield over 10 000 kg·hm^-2 was confirmed by combining with soil fertility and meteorological data.【Result】The results of comparative analysis on treatments of three yield levels showed that, the change of spike number per hectare was smaller when the grain yield of wheat in Hebei Province increased from 9 000 kg·hm^-2 to ＞10 000 kg·hm^-2, and kernels per spike mainly floated from thirty to thirty five, however, the grain weight increased significantly. The dry matter accumulation amount increased significantly when yield level increased from 9 000-9 500 kg·hm^-2 to 9 500-10 000 kg·hm^-2, and the harvest index also increased when yield level went on increasing to ＞10 000 kg·hm^-2. The relatively ideal yield components and targeting parameters for super high-yielding wheat of ＞10 000 kg·hm^-2 in Hebei Province are that, spikes 800×10⁴ hm², 30-35 kernels per spike, 1 000-grain weight 43 g, dry matter weight at maturity 22 000 kg·hm^-2, and harvest index 0.46, respectively. In treatments with the yield ＞10 000 kg·hm^-2, the area of flag leaf and penultimate leaf was smaller than 20 cm² respectively, the leaf area index at booting stage was 7.69-8.24, which were all lower compared with treatments of 9 000-9 500 kg·hm^-2 yield level. However, in treatments with the yield ＞10 000 kg·hm^-2, the leaf area index on 20 and 30th day after anthesis of wheat were larger than 4 and 2, respectively, which were larger than those in treatments with the yield 9 000-9 500 kg·hm^-2. Accompanied with the yield increased from 9 000 kg·hm^-2 to ＞10 000 kg·hm^-2, there were little change in basal fertility of soil and fertilizing amount, the precipitation and irrigation amount during growing season of wheat was not increased too, while the accumulated temperature and sunshine duration from anthesis to maturity and the whole growing season of wheat were higher or longer.【Conclusion】To break through the bottleneck that grain yield of wheat from 9 000 kg·hm^-2 to ＞10 000 kg·hm^-2 in Hebei Province, the effect of increasing spikes per hectare will be little, increasing the kernels per spike and grain weight should be regarded as the main direction. The high quality population with a modest size and senescing slowly is the guarantee of super high yield over 10 000 kg·hm^-2. Meanwhile, the higher basal fertility, suitable accumulated temperature and longer sunshine duration are the basis to achieve super high yield over 10 000 kg·hm^-2.

Key words: winter wheat, 10 000 kg·hm^-2, yield component, population and individual characteristics, high-yield pathway