三河牛目标性状边际效益研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.07.018

中国农业科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 1409-1416.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.07.018

• 畜牧·兽医·资源昆虫 • 上一篇下一篇

三河牛目标性状边际效益研究

马秋萌1, 2, 秦春华1, 3, 吴宏军4, 刘爱荣5, 王雅春1, 史远刚2, 张胜利1

1、中国农业大学动物科技学院，北京 100193；
2、宁夏大学农学院，银川 750021；
3、宁夏四正生物工程技术研究中心，银川 750020；
4、内蒙古海拉尔谢尔塔拉种牛场，内蒙古海拉尔 021012；
5、内蒙古海拉尔农垦集团，内蒙古海拉尔 021012

收稿日期:2013-09-23 出版日期:2014-04-01 发布日期:2014-01-28
通讯作者: 王雅春，E-mail：wangyachun@gmail.com
作者简介:马秋萌，E-mail：maqiumeng1028@163.com
基金资助:
国家现代农业（奶牛）产业技术体系建设专项资金（CARS-37）、国家“十二五”科技支撑计划（2011BAD28B02）、长江学者和创新团队发展计划（IRT1191）

Study on Marginal Profits of Traits in the Breeding Goal in Sanhe Cattle

MA Qiu-Meng-1, 2 , QIN Chun-Hua-1, 3 , WU Hong-Jun-4, LIU Ai-Rong-5, WANG Ya-Chun-1, SHI Yuan-Gang-2, ZHANG Sheng-Li-1

1、College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193;
2、College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021;
3、Ningxia Sygen Bio-engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750020;
4、Xiertala Breeding Farm, Hailaer 021012, Inner Mongolia;
5、Hailaer Land Reclamation Group, Hailaer 021012, Inner Mongolia

Received:2013-09-23 Online:2014-04-01 Published:2014-01-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】三河牛是1983年验收的中国自主培育的乳肉兼用牛品种，因起源于内蒙古呼伦贝尔市三河地区而得名，具有耐粗饲、宜牧、抗寒、适应性强的特点。研究旨在估计三河牛目标性状的边际效益，为制定三河牛育种规划提供基础。【方法】依据内蒙古谢尔塔拉种牛场三河牛中心产区2011年的生产和育种数据，参照奶牛和肉牛营养需要获得三河牛的生产性能、市场经济、营养学方面的参数，根据三河牛生产和育种体系，确定三河牛育种目标性状，以效益方程法建立三河牛的生物经济利润模型，计算三河牛乳用性状、肉用性状、功能性状的边际效益，并对影响经济效益的各个因素进行了敏感性分析。【结果】（1）确定了三河牛10个育种目标性状，包括3个乳用性状（产奶量，乳蛋白率和乳脂率），3个肉用性状（初生重，育肥期日增重和屠宰率）和4个功能性状（首次产犊日龄，产犊间隔，体细胞数和母牛使用年限）：（2）牛群规模固定时，三河牛的总效益为4 808.26元。对收益进行分类，产奶和淘汰母牛的收益分别占总收益的67.08%和7.8%，育肥牛的收益占总收益的20.58%。成本方面，可变成本占总成本的96.89%，其中饲养费用是影响可变成本的主要因素，青年母牛、泌乳母牛和育肥公牛的饲养成本分别占总成本的45.69%、20.46%和13.15%；（3）以乳成分和质量（乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞数）定价时，三河牛10个目标性状的边际效益为：产奶量（kg）2.26元、乳脂率（%）40.48元、乳蛋白率（%）61.39元、体细胞数-231.52元、初生重（kg）6.19元、育肥期日增重（g•d-1）1.39元、屠宰率（%）76.70元、使用寿命（天）0.25元、首次产犊日龄（天）-1.62元、产犊间隔（天）-2.71元；（4）乳用性状、肉用性状、功能性状的相对经济权重比例为62﹕14﹕22，近似于3﹕1﹕1的比例。（5）牛奶价格提高10%，产奶量和产犊间隔的边际效益分别增加0.29元和0.17元；牛肉价格提高10%，初生重、育肥期日增重、屠宰率、产犊间隔的边际效益分别增加0.81元、0.15元、7.86元，使用年限的边际效益降低0.03元；饲料价格提高10%，产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、初生重、首次产犊日龄、育肥期日增重的边际效益分别降低0.05元、0.58元、0.34元、0.21元、0.16元、0.01元，产犊间隔和生产寿命的边际效益分别增加0.88元、0.06元。【结论】市场价格的变动对三河牛乳用性状和肉用性状的边际效益影响较大。研究构建的生物经济利润模型可为在中国实施兼用牛选育提供参考，为制定三河牛育种体系的育种目标提供依据。

关键词: 三河牛 , 目标性状 , 边际效益

Abstract: The Sanhe cattle is a domestic dual purpose breed formed and approved in China in 1983, which was named after its origin of Sanhe region in Hulunbuir pasture land. Sanhe cattle is famous for its durability, suitability for grazing, cold resistance and strong adaptability. This study was conducted to estimate the marginal profits of traits in breeding goal and provide a base for designing breeding plan in Sanhe cattle. 【Method】 The performance, economic and nutrition parameters of Sanhe cattle were obtained according to theoretical nutrition demand of dairy and beef cattle, as well as the production and breeding data in 2011 from Xiertala Cattle Breeding Farm in Inner Mongolia, China, which are the central production region of this breed. Also, the breeding objective traits were proposed based on the production and breeding system of Sanhe cattle. A bio-economic profit model was fitted using Profit Equation method, and the marginal profits were calculated for the milk performance, beef performance and functional traits, then the sensitivity analysis was run. 【Result】The results indicated that ten breeding objective traits for Sanhe cattle included three milk performance traits (milk yield, fat percentage, and protein percentage), three beef performance traits (birth weight, fattening daily gain, and dressing percentage), and four functional traits (somatic cell count, age at first calving, calving interval, and productive life). The total profit of Sanhe cattle was RMB 4 808.26 with a fixed scale of the population. The profit generated by milk production, culling cows and fattening bulls account for 67.08%,7.8% and 20.58% of the total profit, respectively. For the cost, the variable cost accounts for 96.89% of the total cost. Feeding cost is the main factor affecting the variable cost. The feeding cost of the heifers, milking cows and fattening bulls account for 45.69%, 20.46%, and 13.15% of the total cost, respectively. When raw milk price considering milk compositions and quality (fat percentage, protein percentage, and somatic cell count), the marginal profits of objective traits in Sanhe cattle were RMB 2.26 (milk yield, MY, kg), RMB 40.48 (fat percentage, FP,%), RMB 61.39 (protein percentage, PP,%), RMB -231.52 (somatic cell count, SCC), RMB 6.19 (birth weight, BW, kg), RMB 1.39 (fattening daily gain, FDG, g/day), RMB 76.70 (dressing percentage, DP, %), RMB 0.25 (productive lifetime, PL, day), RMB -1.62 (age at first calving, AFC, day), and RMB -2.71 (calving interval, CI, day)，respectively. The relative economic weights for milk performance, beef performance and function traits is 62﹕14﹕22, closing to 3﹕1﹕1. With the increase of 10% of the milk price, the marginal profits of MY and CI increased by RMB 0.29, RMB 0.17, respectively; with the increase of 10% of the beef price, the marginal profits of BW, FDG, DP and CI increased by RMB 0.81, RMB 0.15, and RMB 7.86, respectively and PL decreased by RMB 0.03; with the increase of 10% of the feed price, the marginal profits of MY, FP, PP, BW, AFC, FDG decreased by RMB 0.05, RMB 0.58，RMB 0.34, RMB 0.21, RMB 0.16, and RMB 0.01, respectively and CI and PL increased by RMB 0.88 and RMB 0.06, respectively. 【Conclusion】Change of market price would largely affect the marginal profits of milk and beef production in Sanhe cattle. The bio-economic profit model derived from this study will provide a reference for dual purpose cattle breeding in China and a basis for development of breeding goals for Sanhe cattle in the future.

Key words: Sanhe cattle , objective traits , marginal profit

马秋萌1, 2, 秦春华1, 3, 吴宏军4, 刘爱荣5, 王雅春1, 史远刚2, 张胜利1. 三河牛目标性状边际效益研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(7): 1409-1416.

MA Qiu-Meng-1, 2 , QIN Chun-Hua-1, 3 , WU Hong-Jun-4, LIU Ai-Rong-5, WANG Ya-Chun-1, SHI Yuan-Gang-2, ZHANG Sheng-Li-1. Study on Marginal Profits of Traits in the Breeding Goal in Sanhe Cattle[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(7): 1409-1416.

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三河牛目标性状边际效益研究

Study on Marginal Profits of Traits in the Breeding Goal in Sanhe Cattle

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