南丰蜜橘化渣性评价及不同结果习性果实的品质比较

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.06.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】建立南丰蜜橘化渣性品质的量化指标，比较不同结果习性果实的品质差异，为制定改善南丰蜜橘化渣性品质的栽培措施提供依据。【方法】以南丰蜜橘为材料，用感官品尝的方法区分果实的化渣性，并测定化渣性不同果实的囊衣厚度和囊瓣剪切力、硬度、咀嚼度等化渣性品质指标，分析果实化渣性和这些指标的相关性。进一步测定不同结果习性果实的化渣性品质与常规品质（维生素C、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸）的差异。【结果】囊瓣剪切力和囊衣厚度能够客观反映果实的化渣程度，利用这两个指标可对果实化渣性进行量化；根据品尝试验、囊衣厚度和囊瓣剪切力的结果范围，可将南丰蜜橘果实的化渣性分为3个等级：“化渣”果实的囊瓣剪切力为1.15—1.64 kg，囊衣中间处厚度为0.09—0.12 cm；“较化渣”果实的囊瓣剪切力为1.64—2.63 kg，囊衣中间处厚度为0.12—0.14 cm；“不化渣”果实的囊瓣剪切力为2.63—5.70 kg，囊衣中间处厚度为0.14—0.17 cm；比较不同结果习性果实的品质表明：大果的化渣性优于中果和小果，而中果的常规品质优于小果和大果；短枝果实的化渣性优于长枝果实的，但两者的常规品质没有差异；高负载枝果实化渣性显著优于低负载枝果实，但不同负载量枝条上果实的常规品质没有差异；外膛果的常规品质和化渣性均优于内膛果实；树冠中层果实的化渣性较好，且上层和中层果实的常规品质优于下层果实。【结论】化渣性是南丰蜜橘重要的品质指标，可用囊瓣剪切力及囊衣厚度进行量化评价；不同结果习性的果实品质有差异，化渣性品质与常规品质没有相关性，但化渣性品质好的果实，其常规品质也较好。

关键词: 南丰蜜橘 , 化渣性 , 囊瓣剪切力 , 囊衣厚度 , 结果习性

Abstract: 【Objective】The aims of this study are to establish quantitative indices of mastication grade of Nanfeng Tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Kinokuni), and to provide clues for the cultivation measures to improve the mastication of Nanfeng Tangerine based on comparing the quality of fruits with different bearing habits. 【Method】 Nanfeng Tangerine was used in this study, and mastication grades of the fruits were judged by sensory evaluations. Then quantitative indices of fruits with different mastication quality such as thickness of segment membrane, and shear force, hardness and chewiness of segment of fruits were determined. Moreover, the correlation between mastication quality and these indices was analyzed. The mastication quality and the common quality (vitamin C, total soluble solution and titratable acid) of the fruits with different bearing habits were also determined.【Result】Two indices, thickness of segment membrane and shear force of segment, could be used for quantitatively evaluating and classifying the mastication quality of fruits. Based on the statistics of sensory evaluations, thickness of segment membrane and shear force of segment, the mastication of Nanfeng Tangerine could be classified into three grades: the superior mastication fruits with segment membrane thickness ranging from 0.09 to 0.12 cm and the segment shear force ranging from 1.15 to 1.64 kg; the medium mastication fruits with segment membrane thickness ranging from 0.12 to 0.14 cm and the segment shear force ranging 1.64 to 2.63 kg; and the inferior mastication fruits with segment membrane thickness ranging from 0.14 to 0.17 cm and the segment shear force ranging from 2.63 to 5.70 kg. The results of comparing quality of fruits with different bearing habits showed as follow: the big fruits had superior mastication quality than the medium fruits and small fruits，and the medium fruits had superior common quality than the small fruits and the big fruits; the fruits from short branch had superior mastication quality than the fruits from long branches, but they showed no difference in common quality; the fruits from high loads branches had superior mastication quality than the fruits from low loads branches but they also showed no difference in common quality; the outer fruits had superior quality than the inner fruits; and the fruits from middle layers had superior mastication quality than the fruits from upper and lower layers, and the fruits from middle and upper layers had superior common quality than the fruits from lower layers.【Conclusion】Mastication is an important quality index of Nanfeng Tangerine, which can be quantitatively evaluated by the thickness of segment membrane and the shear force of segment. There are different qualities of fruits with different bearing habits. Moreover, it was found that there is no obvious correlation between common quality and mastication quality, but fruits with better mastication quality usually have superior common quality.

Key words: Nanfeng Tangerine , mastication , segment shear force , thickness of segment membrane , bearing habit

魏清江1, 汪妙秋1, 曾知富2, 杨成泉1, 彭抒昂1, 刘永忠1. 南丰蜜橘化渣性评价及不同结果习性果实的品质比较[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(6): 1162-1170.

WEI Qing-Jiang-1, WANG Miao-Qiu-1, ZENG Zhi-Fu-2, YANG Cheng-Quan-1, PENG Shu-Ang-1, LIU Yong-Zhong-1. Evaluation of the Mastication and Comparison of Fruit Quality with Different Bearing Habits in Nanfeng Tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Kinokuni)[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(6): 1162-1170.

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