中国农业科学 ›› 2008, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 1064-1072 .doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2008.04.016

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

关中地区塿土诊断层的形成过程及意义探讨

庞奖励,黄春长,查小春,张 旭,周志翔   

  1. 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院
  • 收稿日期:2007-05-10 修回日期:2007-06-21 出版日期:2008-04-10 发布日期:2008-04-10

Soil Construction of “Loutu” Soil and Human Activities’s effect on its forming process in Guanzhong Areas

  1. 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院
  • Received:2007-05-10 Revised:2007-06-21 Online:2008-04-10 Published:2008-04-10

摘要: 【目的】通过对关中地区塿土剖面的多角度剖析,试图阐明此类土壤诊断层的形成过程及意义。【方法】根据野外考察和室内试验资料,对土壤剖面从诊断层划分、微形态特征、剖面构造空间变异、成土年龄等方面进行了综合分析和对比。【结果】Bt层形成于8 500~3 100 aB.P.,BC层在3 100~2 000 aB.P.,Ap层在2 000~0 aB.P.;BC层在理化性质、结构构造、微形态等方面与马兰黄土十分相似,而与Ap层和Bt层有显著的差异,Ap层与马兰黄土的相似性系数R1在0.8105~0.8951,Bt层的R1为0.6718,而BC层的R1在0.9051~0.9352。【结论】塿土具有Ap1-Ap2-Bc-Bt-Bk-C剖面构造,复合剖面的形成主要是由于环境变化引起成土强度发生变化的结果;Ap层是2 000 a以来人类施加土粪、农业耕作和粉尘堆积同时作用的综合产物,其特征主要受到人类活动强度和方式的控制,Bc层是3 100~2 000 aB.P.期间风尘自然堆积的产物,成土强度较弱;Bt是全新世大暖期的自然产物。

关键词: 塿土, 诊断层, 成土年龄, 人类活动, 关中地区

Abstract: 【Objective】To anatomy extensively “Loutu” soil profile in Guanzhong Areas, this paper try to illustrate soil-forming process of it and its classification.【Method】According to data from field investigation and experimentations in laboratory, the “Loutu” soil profile is anatomized at stratum order, soil age, structure of soil horizon and soil micromorphological features.【Result】Bt horizon is formed from 8 500 to 3 100 aB.P., BC horizon is formed from 3 100 to 2 000 aB.P., Ap horizon has formed sine 2 000 aB.P. BC horizon very resemble the Malan Loess (L1) at physical and chemical characters, structure and micromorphological features, but it has distinct difference with Ap horizon and Bt horizon. Comparability coefficient, between different horizons and Malan loess L1, is 0.8105-0.8951 in Ap horizon, 0.9051-0.9352 in BC horizon and, 0.6718 in Bt horizon, respectively. 【Conclusion】All the results in this study suggest that“Loutu” soil have Ap1-Ap2-BC-Bt-Bk-C soil profile pattern, which is caused by change of the soil forming intensity that is caused by environmental change. Ap horizon has formed since 2000 years, which infliction loessal dung and eolian dust deposition and cultivation occur simultaneously in the process of Ap horizon-formation, which is controlled the the degree and manner of human activities. BC horizon is aeolian sedimentary in relative aridity period during 3 100 - 2 000 aB.P., which has weak degree of soil forming. Bt horizon is formed during the Holocene Megathermal.

Key words: Loutu, Soil age, Human Activity, Guanzhong areas