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Asset specificity and farmers’ intergenerational succession willingness of apple management

ZHANG Qiang-qiang, GAO Xi-xi, Nazir Muhammad ABDULLAHI, WANG Yue, HUO Xue-xi

2023, 22 (8): 2553-2566. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.04.016

Abstract （154） PDF in ScienceDirect

Understanding the factors behind apple farmers’ willingness to pass on the management of their farms to their descendants is crucial to the continuity of apple production. Due to the high specificity of the human capital, physical assets, land assets, and geographical location in apple production, this study used a binary logistic regression and a mediating effect model to explore the impact of asset specificity on farmers’ intergenerational succession willingness of apple management (FISWAM) and to examine the mediating effects of loss aversion in the impact of asset specificity on the FISWAM. The results showed that about 18.68% of the respondents expressed willingness to transfer their apple business between generations, and the FISWAM was generally weak. In addition to the negative impact of geographical location specificity (GLS), human capital specificity (HCS), physical assets specificity (PAS), and land assets specificity (LAS) can enhance the FISWAM. Loss aversion plays a partial mediating role in the impact of PAS, LAS, and GLS on the FISWAM

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OsPPR9 encodes a DYW-type PPR protein that affects editing efficiency of multiple RNA editing sites and is essential for chloroplast development

CHEN Chang-zhao, WANG Ya-Liang, HE Meng-xing, LI Zhi-wen, SHEN Lan, LI Qing, RE De-yong, HU Jiang, ZHU Li, ZHANG Guang-heng, GAO Zhen-yu, ZENG Da-li, GUO Long-biao, QIAN Qian, ZHANG Qiang

2023, 22 (4): 972-980. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.026

Abstract （333） PDF in ScienceDirect

Photosynthesis occurs mainly in chloroplasts, whose development is regulated by proteins encoded by nuclear genes. Among them, pentapeptide repeat (PPR) proteins participate in organelle RNA editing. Although there are more than 450 members of the PPR protein family in rice, only a few affect RNA editing in rice chloroplasts. Gene editing technology has created new rice germplasm and mutants, which could be used for rice breeding and gene function study. This study evaluated the functions of OsPPR9 in chloroplast RNA editing in rice. The osppr9 mutants were obtained by CRISPR/Cas9, which showed yellowing leaves and a lethal phenotype, with suppressed expression of genes associated with chloroplast development and accumulation of photosynthetic-related proteins. In addition, loss of OsPPR9 protein function reduces the editing efficiency of rps8-C182, rpoC2-C4106, rps14-C80, and ndhB-C611 RNA editing sites, which affects chloroplast growth and development in rice. Our data showed that OsPPR9 is highly expressed in rice leaves and encodes a DYW-PPR protein localized in chloroplasts. Besides, the OsPPR9 protein was shown to interact with OsMORF2 and OsMORF9. Together, our findings provide insights into the role of the PPR protein in regulating chloroplast development in rice.

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Multivariate analysis between meteorological factor and fruit quality of Fuji apple at different locations in China

ZHANG Qiang, ZHOU Bei-bei, LI Min-ji, WEI Qin-ping, HAN Zhen-hai

2018, 17 (06): 1338-1347. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61826-4

Abstract （453） PDF in ScienceDirect

China has the largest apple planting area and total yield in the world, and the Fuji apple is the major cultivar, accounting for more than 70% of apple planting acreage in China. Apple qualities are affected by meteorological conditions, soil types, nutrient content of soil, and management practices. Meteorological factors, such as light, temperature and moisture are key environmental conditions affecting apple quality that are difficult to regulate and control. This study was performed to determine the effect of meteorological factors on the qualities of Fuji apple and to provide evidence for a reasonable regional layout and planting of Fuji apple in China. Fruit samples of Fuji apple and meteorological data were investigated from 153 commercial Fuji apple orchards located in 51 counties of 11 regions in China from 2010 to 2011. Partial least-squares regression and linear programming were used to analyze the effect model and impact weight of meteorological factors on fruit quality, to determine the major meteorological factors influencing fruit quality attributes, and to establish a regression equation to optimize meteorological factors for high-quality Fuji apples. Results showed relationships between fruit quality attributes and meteorological factors among the various apple producing counties in China. The mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures from April to October had the highest positive effects on fruit qualities in model effect loadings and weights, followed by the mean annual temperature and the sunshine percentage, the temperature difference between day and night, and the total precipitation for the same period. In contrast, annual total precipitation and relative humidity from April to October had negative effects on fruit quality. The meteorological factors exhibited distinct effects on the different fruit quality attributes. Soluble solid content was affected from the high to the low row preface by annual total precipitation, the minimum temperature from April to October, the mean temperature from April to October, the temperature difference between day and night, and the mean annual temperature. The regression equation showed that the optimum meteorological factors on fruit quality were the mean annual temperature of 5.5–18°C and the annual total precipitation of 602–1 121 mm for the whole year, and the mean temperature of 13.3–19.6°C, the minimum temperature of 7.8–18.5°C, the maximum temperature of 19.5°C, the temperature difference of 13.7°C between day and night, the total precipitation of 227 mm, the relative humidity of 57.5–84.0%, and the sunshine percentage of 36.5–70.0% during the growing period (from April to October).

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Mapping of the heading date gene HdAey2280 in Aegilops tauschii

LIU Guo-xiang, ZHANG Li-chao, XIA Chuan, JIA Ji-zeng, ZHANG Jun-cheng, ZHANG Qiang, DONG Chun-hao, KONG Xiu-ying, LIU Xu

2016, 15 (12): 2719-2725. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61291-6

Abstract （1016） PDF in ScienceDirect

An optimum heading date is essential for sustainable crop productivity and ensuring high yields. In the present study, F_2:3 populations were generated by crossing an early-heading accession, Y2280, with a late-heading accession, Y2282. The heading dates of the F₂ and F₃populations were investigated in a field study. Using publicly available simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, the early heading date gene HdAey2280 was mapped onto Aegilops tauschii chromosome 7DS between the flanking markers wmc438 and barc126 at distances of 15 and 9.1 cM, respectively. Further analysis indicated that HdAey2280 is a novel heading date gene. New SSR markers were developed based on the Ae. tauschii draft genome sequence, resulting in four new markers that were linked to the heading date gene HdAey2280. The closest distance of these markers was 1.9 cM away from the gene. The results collected in this study will serve as a framework for map-based cloning and marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programs in the future.

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Dwarfing apple rootstock responses to elevated temperatures: A study on plant physiological features and transcription level of related genes

ZHOU Bei-bei, SUN Jian, LIU Song-zhong, JIN Wan-mei, ZHANG Qiang, WEI Qin-ping

2016, 15 (05): 1025-1033. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61298-9

Abstract （1247） PDF in ScienceDirect

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of heat stress on physiological features, together with endogenous hormones and the transcription level of related genes, to estimate the heat resistance ability and stress injury mechanism of different dwarfig apple rootstocks. Among the six rootstocks, the rootstocks of native Shao series (SH series) showed better heat stress resistance than those of Budagovski 9 (B9), Cornell-Geneva 24 (CG24), and Malling 26 (M26) from abroad. Among SH series rootstocks, SH1 and SH6 showed higher heat stress resistance than SH40. M26 demonstrated the lowest adaption ability to heat stress, showing higher leaf conductivity and lower liquid water content (LWC) with the increase in temperature. Heat stress also resulted in the suppression of photosynthesis, which showed no signifiant restoration after 7-day recovery. It should be noted that although a higher temperature led to a lower LWC and photosynthetic effiiency (P_n ) of CG24, there was no signifiant increase in leaf conductivity, and 7 days after the treatment, the P_nof CG24 recovered. The extremely high temperature tolerance of SH series rootstocks could be related to the greater osmotic adjustment (OA), which was reflcted by smaller reductions in leaf relative water content (RWC) and higher turgor potentials and leaf gas exchange compared with the other rootstocks. Determination of hormones indicated multivariate regulation, and it is presumed that a relatively stable expression levels of functional genes under high-temperature stress is necessary for heat stress resistance of rootstocks

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Effect of Partial Root-Zone Irrigating Deuterium Oxide on the Properties of Water Transportation and Distribution in Young Apple Trees

LIU Song-zhong, ZHANG Qiang, LIU Jun, SUN Jian , WEI Qin-ping

2014, 13 (6): 1268-1275. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60623-1

Abstract （1940） PDF in ScienceDirect

Partial root-zone irrigation (PRI) has been proved to be an optimal water-saving irrigation technology, however, few studies were done on water transportation and distribution under PRI. The present study was performed to investigate the water transportation and distribution among the wet and dry root-zones and the shoot using deuterium water (D2O) in 1/4 root-zone PRI experiment. It also aimed to determine and analyze the D2O relative abundance within different types of roots and shoots. The results indicated that water could be transported from roots in wet root-zone to roots in dry root-zone and shoots within 2 h after irrigation. Water transportation in roots of wet-zone was carried out by absorbing root, 1-2 mm root, 2-5 mm root, and >5 mm root progressively, while through a reverse process in three dry root-zones. In shoots, water was transported to trunk, central trunk, annual branches, shoot and leaf progressively. Thus in the young apple trees subjected to PRI, water was distributed first in the roots, including the roots in the wet and dry root-zones, to satisfy the water need of roots itself, and then transported to the shoot within hours of irrigation.

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Fine Mapping of qTGW3-1, a QTL for 1000-Grain Weight on Chromosome 3 in Rice

ZHANG Qiang, YAO Guo-xin, HU Guang-long, TANG Bo, ZHANG Hong-liang, LI Zi-chao

2012, 12 (6): 879-887. DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)8610

Abstract （1805） PDF in ScienceDirect

The QTL qTGW3-1 was located on chromosome 3 of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and associated with the 1 000-grain weight (TGW) according to the result of our earlier study. With the objective of fine mapping of this locus, we developed a F2 population consisting of 3 428 plants derived from the cross between TGW-related near isogenic line DL017 (BC3F4 generation of GSL156×Nipponbare) and the recurrent parent Nipponbare. Using six microsatellites, this QTL was delimited between RM5477 and RM6417. Markers MM1455 and MM1456 within this region were used for further mapping of this QTL. Finally, qTGW3-1 was fine-mapped into a 89-kb interval between RM5477 and MM1456, which locates in the BAC clone AC107226 harboring five putative candidate genes.

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