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Effects of 105 traditional Chinese medicines on the detection of β-agonists in medicine extracts and swine urine based on colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay
WANG Zi-lin, FENG Ke-ying, GE Xiu-feng, MAI Jia-cheng, WANG Han-chuan, LIU Wen-zi, ZHANG Jia-hui, SHEN Xiang-guang
2021, 20 (6): 1626-1635.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63265-8
Abstract133)      PDF in ScienceDirect      
Colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (CGIA) is commonly used for the on-site detection of β-agonists that are sometimes used illegally as feed additives in swine diets.  However, few studies have evaluated the causes of false-positive results that sometimes occur when applying CGIA in agricultural settings.  In this study, we investigated if this false-positive phenomenon is related to the addition of certain traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) to swine feed.  We established and verified an extraction method for TCMs, and then applied CGIA to detect β-agonists in the extracts of 105 TCMs and in the urine of swine dosed with TCMs, respectively.  Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to validate the results of the urine samples tested positive for β-agonists using CGIA.  The results were also verified using TCMs and colloidal gold test strips produced by different manufacturers.  The extracts of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Chaenomelis Fructus, and Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix Et Rhizoma were tested positive for β-agonists.  Meanwhile, the addition of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium to swine feed resulted in false-positive results for β-agonists in swine urine.  The results provide a new way to explain false-positive CGIA results and provide valuable information for livestock feeding programs. 
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Pharmacokinetics of Quinocetone and Its Major Metabolites in Swine After Intravenous and Oral Administration
ZHONG Jia-lin, ZHANG Gui-jun, SHEN Xiang-guang, WANG Lin, FANG Bing-hu, DING Huan-zhong
2011, 10 (8): 1292-1300.   DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60121-1
Abstract1744)      PDF in ScienceDirect      
The pharmacokinetics of quinocetone and its major metabolites in healthy swine was investigated in this paper.Quinocetone was administered to 8 healthy cross-bread swine intravenously and orally at a dosage of 4 and 40 mg kg-1body weight respectively in a randomized crossover design test with two-week washout period. A sensitive highperformanceliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for thedetermination of quinocetone and its metabolite 1-desoxyquinocetone in plasma. Plasma concentration versus timeprofiles of quinocetone and its metabolite 1-desoxyquinocetone were analyzed by non-compartmental analysis usingWinnonlin 5.2 software. Mean maximum concentrations (Cmax) for quinocetone was found to be (0.56±0.13) μg mL-1 at 2.92 h,after oral administration of quinocetone. Mean maximum concentrations (Cmax) for 1-desoxyquinocetone after intravenousor oral administration of quinocetone were (0.0095±0.0012) μg mL-1 at 0.083 h and (0.0067±0.0053) μg mL-1 at 3.08 h. Theapparent elimination half-lives (T1/2) for quinocetone and its metabolite 1-desoxyquinocetone were (2.24±0.24) and(5.23±0.56) h after intravenous administration of quinocetone and (2.91±0.29) and (11.85±2.89) h after oral administrationof quinocetone, respectively. Mean areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0- ) for quinocetone and 1-desoxyquinocetone were (2.02±0.15) and (0.2±0.002) μg h mL-1 respectively after intravenous administration of quinocetone,and (3.5±0.79) and (0.053±0.03) μg h mL-1 after oral administration of quinocetone, respectively. Quinocetone was rapidlyabsorbed and metabolized in swine after oral and intravenous administration. The plasma concentration-time curve(AUC0- ) of 1-desoxyquinocetone were much smaller than those of quinocetone, while the elimination half-lives (T1/2) weremuch longer than those of quinocetone after intravenously (i.v.) or oral administration.
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