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A high-quality genome of Actinidia eriantha provides new insight into ascorbic acid regulation
LIAO Guang-lian, HUANG Chun-hui, JIA Dong-feng, ZHONG Min, TAO Jun-jie, QU Xue-yan, XU Xiao-biao
2023, 22 (11): 3244-3255.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.07.018
Abstract283)      PDF in ScienceDirect      

Actinidia eriantha is one of the species of kiwifruit with a particularly high ascorbic acid (AsA) content.  However, the molecular mechanism driving AsA richness in fruit remains unclear.  In order to reveal the molecular mechanism of AsA richness in Aeriantha, this study constructed a regulatory network related to AsA metabolism by combining genomics, metabolomics and transcriptomics.  We assembled a high-quality genome of Aeriantha ‘Ganlv 1’ with only five remaining gaps.  The assembly is comprised of 29 pseudochromosomes with a total size of 615.95 Mb, and contig N50 of 20.35 Mb. Among them, 24 of the pseudochromosomes were obtained directly from telomere-to-telomere.  The LTR assembly index score and consensus quality value were 21.34 and 39.90%, respectively.  Subsequently, 61 metabolites and 2 092 genes were found to be differentially accumulated/expressed during fruit development by metabolome and transcriptome assays, respectively.  AsA metabolism and the cyclic regeneration pathway were found to have high expression levels throughout fruit growth and development, suggesting its crucial role in the regulation of AsA.  Furthermore, the AsA contents are highly associated with ascorbate peroxidase genes.  The genome obtained in this study provides genomic resources for the genetic and breeding research of Aeriantha, and the constructed regulatory network can provide a public data platform for future research on kiwifruit.

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Can harvest outsourcing services reduce field harvest losses of rice in China?
QU Xue, Daizo KOJIMA, Yukinaga NISHIHARA, WU La-ping, Mitsuyoshi ANDO
2021, 20 (5): 1396-1406.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63263-4
Abstract171)      PDF in ScienceDirect      
The purpose of this study is to quantify the rice harvest losses in China and to evaluate the impacts of machinery and harvest outsourcing services on these losses, given the background of high-speed mechanization and outsourcing services.  Data were collected from a national survey conducted in 2016 by the research team in conjunction with the Research Center for the Rural Economy of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China.  A non-parametric method was used to test whether combine harvesting and outsourcing services could significantly reduce harvest losses.  Next, quantile regression was used to estimate the real effects of machinery and outsourcing services on harvest losses.  The analysis yielded four main study outcomes.  First, the harvest loss rate of rice in China was 3.65%.  Second, mechanical reaping and winnowing caused greater losses than manual methods, while the opposite was true of field transportation.  Third, combine harvesting increased the losses.  Fourth, the effects of an outsourcing service on losses differed among the different harvesting methods.  Outsourcing services increased losses in segmented harvesting but they reduced losses in combine harvesting.
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