Cotton fiber quality is a persistent concern that determines planting benefits and the quality of finished textile products.  However, the limitations of measurement instruments have hindered the accurate evaluation of some important fiber characteristics such as fiber maturity, fineness, and neps, which in turn has impeded the genetic improvement and industrial utilization of cotton fiber.  Here, 12 single fiber quality traits were measured using Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) equipment among 383 accessions of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.).  In addition, eight conventional fiber quality traits were assessed by the High Volume Instrument (HVI) System.  Genome-wide association study (GWAS), linkage disequilibrium (LD) block genotyping and functional identification were conducted sequentially to uncover the associated elite loci and candidate genes of fiber quality traits.  As a result, the previously reported pleiotropic locus FL_D11 regulating fiber length-related traits was identified in this study.  More importantly, three novel pleiotropic loci (FM_A03, FF_A05, and FN_A07) regulating fiber maturity, fineness and neps, respectively, were detected based on AFIS traits.  Numerous highly promising candidate genes were screened out by integrating RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses, including the reported GhKRP6 for fiber length, the newly identified GhMAP8 for maturity and GhDFR for fineness.  The origin and evolutionary analysis of pleiotropic loci indicated that the selection pressure on FL_D11, FM_A03 and FF_A05 increased as the breeding period approached the present and the origins of FM_A03 and FF_A05 were traced back to cotton landraces.  These findings reveal the genetic basis underlying fiber quality and provide insight into the genetic improvement and textile utilization of fiber in G. hirsutum.

Stripe rust is a continuous threat to wheat crop all over the world.  It causes considerable yield losses in wheat crop every year.  Continuous deployment of adult plant resistance (APR) genes in newly developing wheat cultivars is the most judicious strategy to combat this disease.  Herein, we dissected the genetics underpinning stripe rust resistance in Pakistani wheat germplasm.  An association panel of 94 spring wheat genotypes was phenotyped for two years to score the infestation of stripe rust on each accession and was scanned with 203 polymorphic SSRs.  Based on D´ measure, linkage disequilibrium (LD) exhibited between loci distant up to 45 cM.  Marker-trait associations (MTAs) were determined using mixed linear model (MLM).  Total 31 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were observed on all 21 wheat chromosomes.  Twelve QTLs were newly discovered as well as 19 QTLs and 35 previously reported Yr genes were validated in Pakistani wheat germplasm.  The major QTLs were QYr.uaf.2AL and QYr.uaf.3BS (PVE, 11.9%).  Dissection of genes from the newly observed QTLs can provide new APR genes to improve genetic resources for APR resistance in wheat crop.