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Development and characterization of a novel common wheat–Mexico Rye T1DL·1RS translocation line with stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance

LI Jiao-jiao, ZHAO Li, LÜ Bo-ya, FU Yu, ZHANG Shu-fa, LIU Shu-hui, YANG Qun-hui, WU Jun, LI Jia-chuang, CHEN Xin-hong

2023, 22 (5): 1291-1307. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.039

Abstract （421） PDF in ScienceDirect

Rye (Secale cereale L., 2n=2x=14, RR) is a significant genetic resource for improving common wheat because of its resistance to multiple diseases and abiotic-stress tolerant traits. The 1RS chromosome from the German cultivated rye variety Petkus is critical in wheat breeding. However, its weakened disease resistance highlights the need to identify new resources. In the present study, a novel derived line called D27 was developed from common wheat and Mexico Rye. Cytological observations characterized the karyotype of D27 as 2n=42=21 II. Genomic in situ hybridization indicated that a pair of whole-arm translocated Mexico Rye chromosomes were inherited typically in the mitotic and meiosis stages of D27. Experiments using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and gliadin electrophoresis showed that D27 lacked wheat 1DS chromosomes. They were replaced by 1RS chromosomes of Mexico Rye, supported by wheat simple-sequence repeat markers, rye sequence characterized amplified region markers, and wheat 40K SNP array analysis. The wheat 1DS chromosomes could not be detected by molecular markers and wheat SNP array, but the presence of rye 1RS chromosomes was confirmed. Agronomic trait assessments indicated that D27 had a higher tiller number and enhanced stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance. In addition, dough properties analysis showed that replacing 1DS led to higher viscosity and lower dough elasticity in D27, which was beneficial for cake making. In conclusion, the novel cytogenetically stable common wheat–Mexico Rye T1DL·1RS translocation line D27 offers excellent potential as outstanding germplasm in wheat breeding programs focusing on disease resistance and yield improvement. Additionally, it can be valuable for researching the rye 1RS chromosome’s genetic diversity.

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An entirely new approach based on remote sensing data to calculate the nitrogen nutrition index of winter wheat

ZHAO Yu, WANG Jian-wen, CHEN Li-ping, FU Yuan-yuan, ZHU Hong-chun, FENG Hai-kuan, XU Xin-gang, LI Zhen-hai

2021, 20 (9): 2535-2551. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63379-2

Abstract （215） PDF in ScienceDirect

The nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) is a reliable indicator for diagnosing crop nitrogen (N) status. However, there is currently no specific vegetation index for the NNI inversion across multiple growth periods. To overcome the limitations of the traditional direct NNI inversion method (NNI_T1) of the vegetation index and traditional indirect NNI inversion method (NNI_T2) by inverting intermediate variables including the aboveground dry biomass (AGB) and plant N concentration (PNC), this study proposed a new NNI remote sensing index (NNI_RS). A remote-sensing-based critical N dilution curve (N_{c_RS}) was set up directly from two vegetation indices and then used to calculate NNIRS. Field data including AGB, PNC, and canopy hyperspectral data were collected over four growing seasons (2012–2013 (Exp.1), 2013–2014 (Exp. 2), 2014–2015 (Exp. 3), 2015–2016 (Exp. 4)) in Beijing, China. All experimental datasets were cross-validated to each of the NNI models (NNI_T1, NNI_T2 and NNI_RS). The results showed that: (1) the NNI_RS models were represented by the standardized leaf area index determining index (sLAIDI) and the red-edge chlorophyll index (CI_{red edge}) in the form of NNI_RS=CI_{red edge}/(a×sLAIDI^b), where “a” equals 2.06, 2.10, 2.08 and 2.02 and “b” equals 0.66, 0.73, 0.67 and 0.62 when the modeling set data came from Exp.1/2/4, Exp.1/2/3, Exp.1/3/4, and Exp.2/3/4, respectively; (2) the NNI_RS models achieved better performance than the other two NNI revised methods, and the ranges of R² and RMSE were 0.50–0.82 and 0.12–0.14, respectively; (3) when the remaining data were used for verification, the NNI_RS models also showed good stability, with RMSE values of 0.09, 0.18, 0.13 and 0.10, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that the NNI_RS method is promising for the remote assessment of crop N status.

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Diversity in metagenomic sequences reveals new pathogenic fungus associated with smut in Job’s tears

LI Xiang-dong, SHI Ming, PAN Hong, LU Xiu-juan, WEI Xin-yuan, LU Ping, LIAN Qi-xian, FU Yu-hua

2020, 19 (9): 2257-2264. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63164-1

Abstract （128） PDF in ScienceDirect

Smut is a serious disease in Job’s tears, also known as adlay, and contributes to the reduction of crop yield in agricultural fields. In this study, the key pathogenic fungi in adlay smut disease were first identified by internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) high-throughput sequencing and then used to elucidate the composition and diversity of the fungal community in adlay smut. Results indicate that an abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected in the infected involucres of flowering plants and the OTUs were classified to nine phyla, 20 classes, 45 orders, 90 families and 119 genera. A total of 4 986 OTUs clustered together, sharing six core OTUs in all samples, while 145 OTUs were shared among four geographical groups. The Shannon and Simpson indices ranged from 0.137–1.629 and 0.357–0.970, respectively. Community diversity ranked as Anshun (AS)>Qinglong (QL)>Xingren (XR)>Xingyi (XY) among the four geographical groups by Shannon and Simpson indices, exhibiting complex community diversities among accessions and geographical groups. The richness and diversity data imply a weak relationship between the accession community richness and geographical origins of samples. Two closely related fungal genera, Sporisorium and Ustilago, were implicated as causes of smut disease. The genus Sporisorium appears to be more commonly found among accessions and thus is more likely to be the fungal pathogen causing smut in adlay. This work can facilitate strategies to control and prevent smut infection to improve adlay yield.

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ISSR-Based Molecular Characterization of an Elite Germplasm Collection of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in China

ZHANG Kai, WU Zheng-dan, LI Yan-hua, ZHANG Han, WANG Liang-ping, ZHOU Quan-lu, TANG Dao-bin, FU Yu-fan, HE Feng-fa, JIANG Yu-chun, YANG Hang , WANG Ji-chun

2014, 13 (11): 2346-2361. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60779-6

Abstract （1242） PDF in ScienceDirect

To determine the genetic diversity and population structure of sweet potato accessions cultivated in China, and to establish the genetic relationships among their germplasm types, a representative collection of 240 accessions was analyzed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The mean genetic similarity coefficient, Nei’s gene diversity, and shared allele distance of tested sweet potato accessions were 0.7302, 0.3167 and 0.2698, respectively. The 240 accessions could be divided into six subgroups and five subpopulations based on neighbor-joining (NJ) clustering and STRUCTURE results, and obvious genetic relationships among the tested sweet potato accessions were identified. The marker-based NJ clustering and population structure showed no distinct assignment pattern corresponding to flesh color or geographical ecotype of the tested sweet potato germplasm. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed small but significant difference between white and orange-fleshed sweet potato accessions. Small but significant difference were also observed among sweet potato accessions from the Southern summer-autumn sweet potato region, the Yellow River Basin spring and summer sweet potato region and the Yangtze River Basin summer sweet potato region. This study demonstrates that genetic diversity in the tested sweet potato germplasm collection in China is lower than that in some reported sweet potato germplasm collections from other regions. Pedigree investigations suggest that more diverse Chinese sweet potato varieties should be formed by broadening the selection scope of breeding parents and incorporating the introduced varieties into future breeding programs.

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