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Comparative transcriptome analysis of the effect of different heat shock periods on the unfertilized ovule in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)
ZHU Ying-chun, SUN De-xi, DENG Yun, AN Guo-lin, LI Wei-hua, SI Wen-jing, LIU Jun-pu, SUN Xiao-wu
2020, 19 (2): 528-540.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62777-2
Abstract111)      PDF in ScienceDirect      

In vitro gynogenesis is an important tool used in haploid or homozygous double-haploid plant breeding.  However, because of low repeatability, embryoid induction rate and quality, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.  Heat shock treatment can promote the transformation of the gametophytic pathway into the sporophyte pathway, which induces the occurrence of haploid.  In this study, unfertilized ovaries were heat shocked for 0 h (A0) before flowering and for 0 h (A1), 4 h (A3), 8 h (A5), 12 h (A7), and 24 h (A8), respectively, at 37°C at the first day of the flowering stage.  The ovule enlargement rate was increased from 0% at 25°C to 96.8% at 37°C (24 h treatment).  Thus, we aimed to investigate the gene expression patterns in unfertilized ovules of watermelon after different periods of heat shock by using RNA-Seq technology.  The results showed that compared with A3, A5, A7, and A8, the biosynthesis of amino acid, glycine, serine and threonine metabolic pathways in A1 has changed significantly.  This indicated that heat shock treatment affected the synthesis and transformation of amino acids during ovule expansion.  The transcriptome data suggested gene expressions of ovule growth were significantly changed by heat-specific influences.  The results provide new information on the complex relationship between in vitro gynogenesis and temperature.  This provides a basis for further study of the mechanism of heat shock affecting the expansion of watermelon ovule. 

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Drying characteristics, functional properties and in vitro digestion of purple potato slices dried by different methods
QIU Gan, JIANG Yong-li, DENG Yun
2019, 18 (9): 2162-2172.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62654-7
Abstract156)      PDF in ScienceDirect      
The drying characteristics, physico-chemical and functional properties, as well as starch digestibility, of purple potato slices dried using different methods (such as, vacuum freeze-drying, VFD; hot-air drying, HAD; air-impingement jet drying, AIJD; and far-infrared assisted heat-pump drying, FIHPD) were investigated.  Drying rate was the highest (3.0 g 100 g–1 min–1) using AIJD, followed by FIHPD and HAD, and the rate of VFD was the lowest one (0.3 g 100 g–1 min–1).  Drying data were fitted to 12 thin-layer drying models, with the Midilli model giving the best predictions.  Moreover, AIJD showed higher diffusivity (5.5×10–10 m2 s–1) and energy efficiency (55 J g–1) than any other drying method used in this study.  With reference to the samples dried by VFD, the starch granules of the samples obtained by HAD, FIHPD, and AIJD exhibited different extent of disruption, which significantly increased their water absorption capacity, swelling power, and in vitro digestibility, but decreased the peak viscosity.  The sample resulting from AIJD had the greatest water absorption capacity (7.9 g g–1) and solubility (21.6%), but the smallest syneresis rate (48%).  Good correlation coefficients (R2>0.98) implied that the pseudo-first order kinetic model adequately described the rate and extent of starch digestion of dried potato flours.  Samples from AIJD and FIHPD showed the highest digestibility percentages, reaching to 72.4 and 72.5%.  Based on the drying rate, specific energy consumption, functional properties and digestibility, AIJD appeared to be quite effective and suitable to be transferred on the industry scale.
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