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Comprehensive evaluation of 20 pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars in China

CHEN Yan-hui, GAO Hui-fang, WANG Sa, LIU Xian-yan, HU Qing-xia, JIAN Zai-hai, WAN Ran, SONG Jin-hui, SHI Jiang-li

2022, 21 (2): 434-445. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63389-5

Abstract （208） PDF in ScienceDirect

Recent investigations on pomegranate products have significantly increased and successfully drawn consumers’ attention to nutritional and medicinal values, promoting the pomegranate industry’s development worldwide. However, little information on pomegranates grown in China is available. Morphological and chemical characterizations of fruits and arils from 20 pomegranate cultivars in six regions of China were investigated. Combined with overall scores by principal component analysis, ‘Yushiliu No. 1’, ‘Taishanhong No. 2’, ‘Tunisia’ and ‘Mollar’ were promising cultivars, and Chinese researchers bred the first two. It was surprising that ‘Mollar’ had bigger fruit size and more aril moisture grown in China than in Spain. Cultivars with higher anthocyanin content in arils were ‘Turkey’, ‘Moyu’ and ‘Red Angel’, which might be used as the source of natural red food colourants. While red husk ‘Hongruyi’ and ‘Hongshuangxi’ with higher vitamin C, aril moisture and lower titratable acid in arils, might also be promising cultivars for further various utilization. Furthermore, the comparison of ‘Tunisia’ fruits from four regions revealed that cultivation locations had more influence on fruit traits than genotypes. Maturity index classification was established for Chinese pomegranate cultivars. Therefore, the results would provide a valuable guide for agricultural cultivation, industrial utilization, and breeding.

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Overexpression of the apple expansin-like gene MdEXLB1 accelerates the softening of fruit texture in tomato

CHEN Yan-hui, XIE Bin, AN Xiu-hong, MA Ren-peng, ZHAO De-ying, CHENG Cun-gang, LI En-mao, ZHOU Jiang-tao, KANG Guo-dong, ZHANG Yan-zhen

2022, 21 (12): 3578-3588. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.030

Abstract （288） PDF in ScienceDirect

Fruit firmness is an important quality trait of apple fruit texture, and the pre-harvest ripening period is the key period for the formation of apple fruit texture. Expansin is a cell wall loosing protein family that has four subfamilies: α-expansin (EXPA), β-expansin (EXPB), expansin-like A (EXLA), and expansin-like B (EXLB). In this study, we investigated the key period of pre-harvest texture formation in ‘Golden Delicious’ apples based on fruit longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, firmness, tissue structure, respiration intensity, ethylene release rate, and expansin activity. Within the 10 days before harvest, the fruit was found to reach maturity. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that most of the expansins were expressed at the ripening stage before harvest. The biological function of the EXLB subfamily gene, MdEXLB1, was further identified, and its subcellular localization on the cell wall was confirmed by transient transformation experiments. Compared with the wild type (WT), the transgenic tomato lines overexpressing MdEXLB1 had lower plant height, earlier fruiting period, fewer days for fruit ripening, higher fruit maturity, lower fruit firmness, higher fruit expansin activity, more discrete flesh cell structure, and accelerated fruit ripening process. Overall, this is the first study to propose that the apple EXLB subfamily gene, MdEXLB1, has biological functions and plays an important role in promoting fruit ripening and softening.

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Efficiency of potassium-solubilizing Paenibacillus mucilaginosus for the growth of apple seedling

CHEN Yan-hui, YANG Xiao-zhu, LI Zhuang, AN Xiu-hong, MA Ren-peng, LI Yan-qing, CHENG Cun-gang

2020, 19 (10): 2458-2469. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63303-2

Abstract （139） PDF in ScienceDirect

Chemical potassium (K) fertilizer is commonly used in apple (Malus domestica L. Borkh) production but K is easily fixed by soil, resulting in reduced K fertilizer utilization and wasted resources. K-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) can cost-effectively increase the soluble K content in rhizosphere soil. Therefore, the objectives were to select high-efficiency KSB from apple orchards under various soil management models and evaluate their effects on apple seedling growth. Maize (Zea mays L.) straw mulching (MSM) increased the total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and available potassium (AK) in the rhizosphere and improved fruit quality. The number of KSB in the rhizosphere soil of MSM was 9.5×10⁴ CFU g^–1 soil, which was considerably higher than that in the other mulching models. Fourteen KSB strains were isolated with relative K solubilizing ability ranging from 17 to 30%, and five strains increased the dry weight per apple seedling. The most efficient strain was identified as Paenibacillus mucilaginosus through morphological observation and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA, named JGK. After inoculation, the colonization of JGK in soil decreased from 4.0 to 1.5×10⁹ CFU g^–1 soil within 28 d. The growth of the apple seedlings and the K accumulation in apple plants were promoted by irrigation with 50 mL JGK bacterial solution (1×10⁹ CFU mL^–1), but there was no significant increase in the AK content of rhizosphere soil. High-performance liquid phase analysis (HPLC) data showed that the JGK metabolites contained phytohormones and organic acids. Hence, the JGK strain promoted the growth of two-month-old apple seedlings by stimulating function of the produced phytohormones and enhanced K solubility by acidification for apple seedling uptake. This study enriches the understanding of KSB and provides an effective means to increase the K utilization efficiency of apple production.

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Integrating transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of photoperiodsensitive in near isogenic maize line under long-day conditions

SONG Xiao-heng, TIAN Lei, WANG Shun-xi, ZHOU Jin-long, ZHANG Jun, CHEN Zan, WU Liu-ji, KU Li-xia, CHEN Yan-hui

2019, 18 (6): 1211-1221. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62040-4

Abstract （229） PDF in ScienceDirect

As a short-day plant species, maize requires an optimal photoperiod for inducing reproductive growth. However, there is a lack of information regarding photoperiod-induced changes in maize mRNA and protein levels. In this study, a photoperiod-insensitive maize inbred line and its near isogenic photoperiod-sensitive line were used. By integrating RNAbased transcriptomic and iTRAQ LC-MS/MS-based proteomic approaches, we generated a comprehensive inventory of the transcripts and proteins with altered abundances in response to a long photoperiod (LP) during growth stage transitions. We detected 22 000 transcripts in RNA-sequence runs and 5 259 proteins from an iTRAQ-based analysis. A weak correlation between mRNA- and protein-level changes was observed, suggesting the LP-induced transition between maize growth stages is largely regulated post-transcriptionally. Differentially expressed genes influenced by LP conditions were associated with several regulatory processes in both maize inbred lines, especially phosphate ion transport and the circadian rhythm. Additionally, 31 transcripts and six proteins related to photoperiodic flowering in maize were identified by comparing transcriptomic and proteomic data. This transcriptomic and proteomic analysis represents the first comprehensive and comparative study of gene/protein-level changes occurring in photoperiod-sensitive and -insensitive maize inbred lines

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