The soil-borne necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani is one of destructive fungi causing severe yield losses in various important crops.  However, the host defense mechanisms against the invasion of this pathogen are poorly understood.  In this study, we employed an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic approach to investigate host proteins responsive to R. solani using the resistant rice cultivar YSBR1.  As a whole, we identified 319 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) after inoculation of rice plants with R. solani.  Functional categorization analysis indicates that these DAPs cover a broad range of functions.  Notably, a substantial portion of the DAPs are involved in cell redox homeostasis, carbohydrate metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, or belong to pathogenesis-related proteins, indicating that these processes/proteins play important roles in host defense against R. solani.  Interestingly, all of the DAPs involved in photosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthetic processes, and part of the DAPs involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, show reduced accumulation after R. solani infection, suggesting that R. solani probably inhibits host photosynthetic system and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis to facilitate infection and colonization.  In conclusion, our results provide both valuable resources and new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying rice and R. solani interaction.