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Construction of a telomerase-immortalized porcine tracheal epithelial cell model for swine-origin mycoplasma infection
XIE Xing,  HAO Fei, WANG Hai-yan, PANG Mao-da, GAN Yuan, LIU Bei-bei, ZHANG Lei, WEI Yan-na, CHEN Rong, ZHANG Zhen-zhen, BAO Wen-bin, BAI Yun, SHAO Guo-qing, XIONG Qi-yan, FENG Zhi-xin
2022, 21 (2): 504-520.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63644-4
Abstract166)      PDF in ScienceDirect      
Primary porcine tracheal epithelial cells (PTECs) are an appropriate model for studying the molecular mechanism of various porcine respiratory diseases, including swine-origin mycoplasmas, which are isolated from respiratory tract of pigs and mainly found on the mucosal surface surrounding swine trachea.  However, the short proliferation ability of primary PTECs greatly limits their lifespan.  In this study, primary PTECs were carefully isolated and cultured, and immortal PTECs were constructed by transfecting primary PTECs with the recombinant constructed plasmid pEGFP-hTERT containing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT).  Immortal PTECs (hTERT-PTECs) maintained both the morphological and functional characteristics of primary PTECs, as indicated by the expression of cytokeratin 18, cell-cycle analysis, proliferation assay, Western blotting, telomerase activity assay, karyotype analysis and quantitative RT-PCR.  Compared to primary PTECs, hTERT-PTECs had an extended replicative lifespan, higher telomerase activity, and enhanced proliferative activity.  In addition, this cell line resulted in a lack of transformed and grown tumors in nude mice, suggesting that it could be safely applied in further studies.  Moreover, hTERT-PTECs were vulnerable to all swine-origin mycoplasmas through quantitative analysis as indicated by 50% color changing unit (CCU50) calculation, and no significant differences of adhesion ability between primary and immortal PTECs were observed.  For the representative swine mycoplasma Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp), except for DNA copies quantitative real-time PCR assay, indirect immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting analysis also depicted that hTERT-PTECs was able to adhere to different Mhp strains of different virulence.  In summary, like primary PTECs, hTERT-PTECs could be widely used as an adhesion cell model for swine-origin mycoplasmas and in infection studies of various porcine respiratory pathogens.  
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Tissue-specific expression and correlation with promoter DNA methylation of the LBP gene in pigs
CAO Yue, GAO Zhong-cheng, WU Zheng-chang, WANG Hai-fei, BAO Wen-bin
2020, 19 (4): 1055-1064.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62749-8
Abstract119)      PDF in ScienceDirect      
Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) is a key factor in the recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the initiation of immune response, thus regulating the body’s resistance to pathogenic infection.  To investigate the tissue-specific expression characteristics of the LBP gene and its transcriptional regulation in pigs, we detected LBP expression in different tissues of 35-day-old Meishan weaned piglets, determined LBP core promoter region using bioinformatics prediction combined with dual luciferase activity assay, and finally detected methylation levels by pyrosequencing.  The results showed that LBP expression in the liver tissue was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that in other tissues, followed by the intestinal tissues.  The core promoter region of LBP was located at –500–(–206) bp (chr.17: g.46837534–g.46837828), containing three CpG sites (CpG1, CpG2 and CpG3).  Of the three CpG sites, CpG2 and CpG3 were variously methylated (P<0.01) in different tissues.  Moreover, LBP mRNA levels were negatively correlated (P<0.01) with methylation levels of the CpG2 and CpG3 sites in the YY1 transcription factor binding sequence.  It is speculated that the methylation of CpG2 and CpG3 sites might inhibit YY1 binding to the promoter sequences, thereby regulating the tissue-specific expression of LBP.  This study demonstrated the distinct patterns of LBP expression and promoter methylation in the tissues of Meishan pigs and indicated the potential roles of DNA methylation in regulating LBP expression, which may contribute to further investigations on pig LBP gene expression and function. 
 
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The tissue expression level of BPI gene in piglets from newborn to weaning and its relationship with Gram-negative bacterial infection
DAI Chao-hui, CAO Yue, GAO Zhong-cheng, ZHU Guo-qiang, WU Sheng-long, BAO Wen-bin
2020, 19 (12): 3065-3073.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63369-X
Abstract92)      PDF in ScienceDirect      
The bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) has an important function of nonspecific killing of Gram-negative bacteria.  In this study, qPCR was used to detect the expression of the BPI gene in twelve tissues of Meishan piglets from birth to weaning.  BPI gene overexpression, bacterial adhesions count and indirect immunofluorescence were applied to analyze the relationship between BPI gene expression and the infectivity of Escherichia coli and Salmonella.  The results showed that the BPI gene was expressed highly in duodenum, jejunum and ileum (fold changes of relative expression levels were more than 10 000, 500 and 200, respectively).  The expression of the BPI gene at 35 days of age was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that at all other days.  Transcription of the BPI gene was up-regulated 2 401-fold in porcine intestinal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells that were transfected with the BPI gene overexpression lentivirus (IPEC-J2-BPI), and significantly higher (P<0.01) than that in negative control cells (IPEC-J2-NC).  Protein expression levels in IPEC-J2-BPI cells were also increased.  When IPEC-J2 cells were incubated with E. coli and Salmonella, respectively, for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 h, the number of bacterial adhesions in IPEC-J2-BPI cells was significantly less (P<0.05) than that in IPEC-J2-NC cells.  The results of indirect immunofluorescence analysis showed that the number of bacterial adhesions in IPEC-J2-BPI cells was significantly less (P<0.01) than that in IPEC-J2-NC cells.  These results demonstrated that the BPI gene might play an important role in regulating weaning stress especially intestinal-mediated immune response.  Overexpression of the BPI gene at the cellular level could significantly enhance the anti-bactericidal ability against Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella.  This has important biological significance in piglet resistance to bacterial diarrhea. 
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