本研究在花椒中鉴定了270个MYB基因，并将其分为四个亚家族。 R2R3-MYB (ZbMYB) 包含251个基因，根据系统发育结果和序列相似性分为33个亚科。这些亚科中有24个同时包含花椒MYB和拟南芥AtMYB，9个仅包含花椒或拟南芥。具有相似功能的ZbMYB聚集在同一亚科中，表明功能保守。亚细胞定位分析预测大多数ZbMYB基因存在于细胞核中。转座复制在花椒MYB基因家族的扩展中起主要作用。通过系统发育分析和转录组分析，发现28个ZbMYB基因可能调控花椒中黄酮类化合物的生物合成，这些基因呈现出独特的时空表达模式。在花椒果实不同发育阶段，通过qRT-PCR分析得出EVM0042160和EVM0033809基因的表达模式与花椒中的黄酮类和花青素物质含量曲线非常相似。进一步相关性分析表明，不同发育阶段花椒果实的黄酮类物质含量与28个ZbMYB基因的转录本丰度具有不同程度的相关性。这些结果表明ZbMYB基因可能参与了花椒中黄酮类物质代谢途径。对为花椒中MYB基因家族全面系统分析以及进一步研究MYB转录因子的功能奠定了坚实的基础。

本研究探讨了长期施用化肥以及有机肥下大团聚体对有机碳的固存机制。本研究共设置4个处理，分别是不施肥的对照（CK）、施化肥（NPK）、单施有机肥（M）和有机无机肥配施（MNPK）。土壤样品采自连续施肥11年后0-20 cm耕层原状土壤，采用物理分组方法将大团聚体筛分为4个组分：未受保护的粗颗粒有机质（cPOM）和细颗粒有机质（fPOM）、受物理保护的大团聚体中微团聚体内颗粒有机质（iPOM）以及受生物化学保护的矿质结合态有机质组分（MOM）。研究结果表明：与CK相比，长期施用NPK对土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）含量以及大团聚体中各有机质组分的OC和TN储量均无显著影响。但是，配施有机肥后（MNPK）可显著提高SOC（45.7%）和TN含量（24.3%），而且还显著提高了cPOM、fPOM和iPOM组分中OC和TN储量，其中cPOM-C、fPOM-C和iPOM-C储量分别提高了292.2%、136.0%和124.0%，cPOM-N、fPOM-N和iPOM-N储量分别提高了607.1%、242.5%和127.6%，而对MOM-C和MOM-N储量均无显著影响。线性回归分析显示土壤有机碳含量与未受保护的组分中碳储量呈显著正相关，其中与cPOM-C储量关系密切，表明石灰性土壤上，有机碳固存首先累积在大团聚体中的cPOM-C组分中。可见，有机无机肥配施（MNPK）通过增加的cPOM-C和cPOM-N储量来提高SOC的储量和稳定性，意味着有机无机肥配施（MNPK）是农业可持续发展的有效措施。

荔枝在亚热带地区广泛种植，具有重要的经济价值。高密度遗传图谱构建和相关数量性状基因座（QTL）定位是分子标记辅助育种的前提。本研究利用矮化荔枝品种‘紫娘喜’和乔化荔枝品种‘妃子笑’之间的178个子代F₁群体为材料，采用基因分型测序（GBS）技术构建基于单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的高密度连锁图谱。遗传图谱包含3027个SNP标记，分布在15个连锁群上，总的遗传距离为1711.97 cM，平均遗传距离为0.57 cM。基于此高密度遗传图谱和三年的表型分析，共检测到37个QTL与8个矮化性状相关，包括枝梢长度（LNB）、枝梢直径（DNB）、复叶柄长度（LCP）、复叶柄直径（DCP）、节间长度（LI）、叶片长度（LSL）、叶片宽度（WSL）和株高（PH）。这些QTL可以解释8.0％至14.7％（平均= 9.7％）的表型变异。其中，发现几个QTL簇，特别是在LG04和LG11连锁群上，暗示调节荔枝矮化性状的基因可能成簇分布。在这些QTL区间鉴定到126个候选基因，其中55个基因在‘紫娘喜’和‘妃子笑’之间的表达存在差异。这些差异表达基因（DEGs）参与细胞发育、物质运输、信号转导和植物形态发生的调控，可能在调控植物矮化性状中起重要作用。高密度遗传图谱构建及矮化性状相关QTLs分析将为荔枝分子标记辅助育种奠定坚实的基础。

To separate the proteins related to pigment synthesis in green colored fiber (GCF), we performed a comparative proteomic analysis to identify the differentially expressed proteins between green cotton fiber and a white near-isogenic line (NIL).  One differential spot identified as phenylocumaran benzylic ether redutase-like protein (PCBER) was expressed only in GCF, but was not found in white colored fiber (WCF) at any time points.  Since PCBER was a key enzyme in lignans biosynthesis, total lignans were extracted from GCF and WCF and their content was determined by using a chromotropic acid spectrophotometric method.  The results showed that total lignans content in GCF was significantly higher than that in WCF.  The qPCR analysis for two PLR genes associated with lignans biosynthesis showed that the expression level of two genes was much higher in GCF than that in WCF at 24 and 27 days post anthesis (DPA), which may be responsible for the higher lignans content in GCF.  Our study suggested that PCBER and lignans may be responsible for the color difference between GCF and WCF.  Additionally, p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMACA) staining demonstrated that the pigment in GCF was not proanthocyanidins, and was different from that in brown colored fiber (BCF).  This study provided new clues for uncovering the molecular mechanisms related to pigment biosynthesis in GCF.

Photoperiodic response is an important characteristic that plays an important role in plant adaptability for various environments. Wheat cultivars grow widely and have high yield potential for the strong photoperiod adaptibility. To assess the photoperiodic response of different genotypes in wheat cultivars, the photoperiodic effects of the Ppd-D1 alleles and the expressions of the related TaGI, TaCO and TaFT genes in Liaochun 10 and Ningchun 36 were investigated under the short-day (6 h light, SD), moderate-day (12 h light, MD) and long-day (24 h light, LD) conditions. Amplicon length comparison indicated that the promoter of Ppd-D1 in Ningchun 36 is intact, while Liaochun 10 presented the partial sequence deletion of Ppd-D1 promoter. The durations of all developmental stages of the two cultivars were reduced by subjection to an extended photoperiod, except for the stamen and pistil differentiation stage in the Liaochun 10 cultivar. The expression levels of the Ppd-D1 alleles and the TaGI, TaCO and TaFT genes associated with the photoperiod pathway were examined over a 24-h period under SD and MD conditions. The relationships of different photoperiodic responses of the two cultivars and the expression of photoperiod pathway genes were analyzed accordingly. The photoperiod insensitive (PI) genotype plants flower early under SD; meanwhile, the abnormal expression of the Ppd-D1a allele is accompanied with an increase in TaFT1 expression and the TaCO expression variation. The results would facilitate molecular breeding in wheat.

As the most important organ in plant photosynthesis, the leaf plays an important role in plant growth and development. Leaf senescence is associated with fundamental changes in the proteome. To research the molecular mechanisms of leaf senescence, protein expression in senescing maize ear leaves grown under field conditions was analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). A total of 60 senescence-associated proteins were identified. The identified proteins are involved in many biological processes, especially energy, metabolism and protein synthesis. Several of the identified proteins have not been previously reported as senescence-associated, including glycine-rich RNA-binding protein.

The homeobox transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS) plays a critical role in keeping the balance between the maintenance and differentiation of stem cell population in shoot and floral meristems of Arabidopsis thaliana. The corresponding gene SlWUS is yet to be characterized in tomato. In order to characterize SlWUS gene and its biological function, we cloned it from tomato and analyzed its structure. Tissue expression showed that the SlWUS highly expressed in tomato flower abscission zone. The overexpression of SlWUS in Arabidopsis could trigger undifferentiation of plant flower organ and indeterminacy of flower identity, suggesting that SlWUS maybe involved in flower structure development as well as flower organ identity. Taken together, our results indicated that the SlWUS plays an important role in flower abscission zone and plant organ shedding.

Classical swine fever (CSF) and porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) are both economically important, highly contagious diseases of swine worldwide. To develop an effective vaccine to control these two diseases, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus rAdV-GP52AE2, using a replication-defective human adenovirus serotype 5 as a delivery vector, to co-express the GP5 protein of highly pathogenic porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and the E2 protein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 2A peptide was used as a linker between the GP5 and E2 proteins to allow automatic self-cleavage of the polyprotein. The GP5 and E2 genes were expressed as demonstrated by immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting. Immunization of mice resulted in a CSFV-neutralizing antibody titer of 1:128 and a PRRSV-neutralizing antibody titer of 1:16. The lymphoproliferative responses were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and the stimulation index of CFSV-specific and PRRSV-specific lymphocytes in the rAdV-GP52AE2 group was significantly higher than that in the negative control group. The results show that rAdV-GP52AE2 can induce both effective humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice. The protective efficacy of the recombinant virus against CSF was evaluated in immunized rabbits, which were protected from fever induced by challenge with C-strain. Our study provides supporting evidence for the use of FMDV 2A to develop a bivalent genetically-engineered vaccine.