2020年我国北方地区草地螟种群的时空动态与虫源分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.05.006

中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5): 907-919.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.05.006

2020年我国北方地区草地螟种群的时空动态与虫源分析

陈智勇¹(),张智²,刘杰³,康爱国⁴,赵素梅⁵,尹祥杰⁶,李占清⁷,谢爱婷²,张云慧¹()

¹中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京 100193
²北京市植物保护站,北京 100029
³全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京 100125
⁴河北省康保县植保植检站,河北张家口 076650
⁵内蒙古自治区植保植检站,呼和浩特 010010
⁶山西省植物保护植物检疫总站,太原 030001
⁷科尔沁右翼前旗农业技术推广中心,内蒙古科尔沁 137713

收稿日期:2021-04-22 接受日期:2021-06-17 出版日期:2022-03-01 发布日期:2022-03-08
通讯作者: 张云慧
作者简介:陈智勇,E-mail： chenzy9612@163.com。
基金资助:
国家现代农业(小麦)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03);内蒙古科技计划项目(2021GG0396);北京市科技创新驱动发展投入项目(PXM2016_036203_000049)

Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Source of Loxostege sticticalis in Northern China in 2020

CHEN ZhiYong¹(),ZHANG Zhi²,LIU Jie³,KANG AiGuo⁴,ZHAO SuMei⁵,YIN XiangJie⁶,LI ZhanQing⁷,XIE AiTing²,ZHANG YunHui¹()

¹State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
²Beijing Plant Protection Station, Beijing 100029
³National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Centre, Beijing 100125
⁴Kangbao Plant Protection and Plant Inspection Station of Hebei Province, Zhangjiakou 076650, Hebei
⁵Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010010
⁶Shanxi Province Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station, Taiyuan 030001
⁷Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center of Horqin Right Front Banner, Horqin 137713, Inner Mongolia

Received:2021-04-22 Accepted:2021-06-17 Online:2022-03-01 Published:2022-03-08
Contact: YunHui ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究2020年草地螟（Loxostege sticticalis）在我国北方地区季节性时空动态,并对各主要发生区的虫源性质进行分析,探讨草地螟在我国华北、东北地区,境内、境外的虫源衔接关系,为提高草地螟预测预报水平提供技术支持。【方法】利用北京、天津、河北、内蒙古、辽宁、山西相关植保站探照灯诱虫器或虫情测报灯的虫情数据,分析草地螟在我国北方地区种群数量的时空动态变化。通过GrADS软件对FNL全球分析资料进行处理,获得高峰期内主要蛾峰日的风场数据并绘制风场图。采用基于WRF模式编写的三维质点轨迹分析程序对草地螟迁飞路线进行模拟,利用R 3.8的ggplot2 3.3.0程序包对轨迹模拟结果进行绘图。【结果】2020年越冬代草地螟成虫主要发生在山西、河北北部,内蒙古中西部和兴安盟地区;1代草地螟成虫大量突增主要集中在内蒙古化德县和与之接壤的河北康保县。风场分析显示,在草地螟典型的迁飞期内,华北及东北地区均受到锋面和气旋过程的影响;东北气旋前部的偏南或西南低空急流为华北越冬区的草地螟远距离迁入东北提供了有利条件,其后部的西北气流则会阻碍草地螟向东北的迁飞。虫源分析显示,华北地区越冬代成虫大部分滞留当地危害,部分借助适宜的西南气流向东北地区及中蒙、中俄三国交界迁飞;内蒙古兴安盟地区5月下旬虫源主要来自草地螟华北越冬区,6月上旬部分来自华北越冬区,部分来自中蒙、中俄三国交界处,6月下旬主要来自华北越冬区迁出虫源。1代草地螟成虫主要来自内蒙古中西部及中蒙边界1代幼虫发生区,受锋面天气影响在内蒙古化德县和河北康保县聚集降落,并进一步向东北方向迁飞扩散。【结论】2020年是草地螟2018年种群回升以来又一重发年份;气旋天气形成的强劲气流是华北地区和境外虫源顺利进入东北地区的主要运载气流,风切变、气旋中心等气流的辐合使大面积迁飞的成虫聚集降落,造成局部虫量突增;我国华北和东北地区草地螟越冬代和1代成虫均与境外虫源存在频繁的交流,因此,开展草地螟区域性联合监测对草地螟的异地测报具有重要的指导意义。

关键词: 草地螟, 迁飞, 时空动态, 虫源

Abstract:

【Objective】To provide supports for improving the monitoring and warning level of the beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis, the seasonal spatiotemporal distribution in Northern China, the sources and relationship between L. sticticalis in North and Northeast China, within and outside China were studied in 2020. 【Method】The searchlight traps were assembled to daily monitoring in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia. Based on the monitoring data of searchlight traps at the plant protection stations in the 6 provinces (municipality, Autonomous Region), the population fluctuations and migration pattern of L. sticticalis in Northern China were analyzed by using GrADS and R. The FNL data were processed by GrADS software, to obtain wind field information and draw the map. A three-dimensional particle trajectory analysis program based on WRF model was used to simulate the migration route of L. sticticalis, and the trajectory simulation results were plotted by ggplot2 3.3.0 package of R3.8. 【Result】The overwintering generation of L. sticticalis adults mainly occurred in Shanxi, Hebei and Inner Mongolia, and a large number of adults of the 1st generation were found in Huade of Inner Mongolia and Kangbao of Hebei in 2020. During the typical migration period, North China and Northeast China were affected by frontal and cyclonic processes. The southward or southwest low-level jet at the front of the northeast cyclone provided favorable conditions for the long-distance migration of L. sticticalis into the northeast region, but the northwest airflow at the back of it blocked the migration path. The results showed that most of the overwintering adults stayed in North China and some of them migrated to Northeast China and the border of China, Mongolia and Russia with the help of southwest airflow. In late May, the main source in Hinggan League of Inner Mongolia came from the overwintering area of L. sticticalis in North China. In early June, part of them came from the overwintering area of North China, part of them came from the junction of China, Mongolia and Russia. In late June, the main source came from North China. The adults of the 1st generation of L. sticticalis mainly came from the 1st generation larva occurrence areas in central and western Inner Mongolia and the border between China and Mongolia. Affected by the frontal weather, they gathered and landed in Huade of Inner Mongolia and Kangbao of Hebei, and further migrated to the northeast. 【Conclusion】2020 is a typical year of outbreak since the population of L. sticticalis has risen again in 2018. Strong air currents are important reasons for its successful migration, the convergence of wind shear and cyclone center causes the migrating adults to gather and land in large area, resulting in a sudden increase of local insect population. Both the overwintering generation and the 1st generation of L. sticticalis in North China and Northeast China were closely related to the foreign sources. It is of great significance to carry out the regional monitoring and prediction and forecasting in advance for L. sticticalis.

Key words: Loxostege sticticalis, migration, spatiotemporal dynamics, source

陈智勇, 张智, 刘杰, 康爱国, 赵素梅, 尹祥杰, 李占清, 谢爱婷, 张云慧. 2020年我国北方地区草地螟种群的时空动态与虫源分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(5): 907-919.

CHEN ZhiYong, ZHANG Zhi, LIU Jie, KANG AiGuo, ZHAO SuMei, YIN XiangJie, LI ZhanQing, XIE AiTing, ZHANG YunHui. Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Source of Loxostege sticticalis in Northern China in 2020[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(5): 907-919.

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地点 Site	位置 Location	高峰日 Peak day (m-d)	高峰日灯诱蛾量 Number of L. sticticalis in light-trap at peak day	高峰期 Peak stage (m-d—m-d)	卵巢发育级别 Ovarian development grade
额尔古纳市Ergun City	120.18°E, 50.24°N	06-08	2000	-	-
乌兰浩特市Ulanhot City	122.09°E, 46.07°N	06-21	17334	-	Ⅲ (80%)
乌拉特后旗Urad Rear Banner	107.07°E, 41.08°N	06-19	265742	-	Ⅱ (90%)
围场县Weichang County	117.75°E, 41.93°N	06-17, 06-18	10000	06-17—06-20	-
太仆寺旗Taibus Banner	115.28°E, 41.88°N	06-24	40123	06-16—06-28	-
巴彦淖尔市Bayannur City	107.36°E, 40.75°N	06-18	23769	06-18—06-19	Ⅱ-Ⅲ (100%)
土默特右旗Tumd Right Banner	110.52°E, 40.57°N	06-19	20000	06-19—06-20	Ⅲ (72%)
乌拉特前旗Uard Front Banner	108.65°E, 40.74°N	06-20	6113	06-19—06-20	Ⅰ-Ⅲ (85%)
达拉特旗Dalad Banner	110.03°E, 40.41°N	06-18, 06-19	9000	06-18—06-20	Ⅱ (90%)
杭锦后旗Hanggin Rear Banner	107.15°E, 40.89°N	06-19	6270	06-19—06-20	Ⅰ-Ⅱ (90%)

2020年我国北方地区草地螟种群的时空动态与虫源分析

Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Source of Loxostege sticticalis in Northern China in 2020

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