中国农业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (18): 3645-3653.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.18.008

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

西藏土壤硒状况与富硒青稞生产路径

曲航1,2,尼玛扎西1,韦泽秀1,梅旭荣2   

  1. 1西藏自治区农牧科学院,拉萨 850000
    2中国农业科学院,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-20 出版日期:2015-09-16 发布日期:2015-09-16
  • 通讯作者: 梅旭荣,E-mail:meixurong@caas.cn。尼玛扎西,E-mail:NTashi@taaas.org
  • 作者简介:曲航,E-mail:quhang8377@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD30B01)、中国博士后科学基金(2014M562355)、西藏自治区科技计划重点项目

Soil Selenium (Se) Status and the Production on Se-Enriched Hulless Barley in the Tibet Autonomous Region

QU Hang1, 2, NYIMA Tashi1, WEI Ze-xiu1, MEI Xu-rong2   

  1. 1Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000
    2Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2015-01-20 Online:2015-09-16 Published:2015-09-16

摘要: 西藏土壤普遍缺硒,已经严重影响该区居民身体健康。青稞作为西藏居民主要粮食而广泛种植,青稞硒生物强化的研究具有重要意义。硒生物强化是改善人体硒营养健康的热点研究领域,虽然国内外对主要农作物硒生物强化研究已有很多,然而西藏硒生物强化研究,特别是富硒青稞研究目前尚无报道。本文从西藏硒状况出发,结合西藏青稞生产现状和青稞硒含量,讨论富硒青稞生产的问题和解决路径。1)已有的研究明确了西藏土壤全硒含量及分布。西藏土壤全硒含量平均值为(0.150±0.084)mg·kg-1,仅为中国土壤全硒含量平均值(0.290±0.255)mg·kg-1的一半;西藏缺硒土壤主要分布在雅鲁藏布江以北地区,同时也是大骨节病高发区域,土壤全硒含量不足0.1 mg·kg-1。值得注意的是,西藏同时存在部分土壤全硒含量较高的土壤,土壤全硒含量超过0.3 mg·kg-1,主要分布在雅鲁藏布江以南区域,例如日喀则市的岗巴县、山南地区的错那、隆子、措美;(2)西藏青稞种植面积和总产量分别为12万hm2和62万t,占到全国大麦种植面积和总产量的21%和29%,但西藏土壤全硒和有效硒含量总体上处于较低水平,青稞籽粒硒含量平均值仅为0.02 mg·kg-1,青稞秸秆等饲料硒含量平均值为0.03 mg·kg-1,同时牛、羊等牲畜血液硒含量均低于临界浓度。西藏居民每人每天通过食用青稞的摄硒量仅为8 μg,即使考虑肉、奶和蔬菜的硒摄入量,每日硒摄入总量为10—16 μg,也远低于FAO推荐标准;(3)考虑到西藏的高海拔和复杂气候特征,针对西藏富硒青稞生产中不同海拔青稞产区适宜的硒肥施用量、不同青稞品种在自然土壤和施用硒肥条件下的不同响应,以及西藏富硒区域的合理规划和利用等问题,提出相应的解决措施。青稞硒生物强化有希望成为改善西藏作物和牲畜品质的有效措施之一,并最终达到有效地提高居民硒营养状况的目标。

关键词: 青稞, 西藏, 土壤硒含量, 硒肥施用, 硒高效品种

Abstract: Tibet is a notably Se-deficient region in that it negatively affects the health among local residents. Hulless or “naked” barley or barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.), as a stable food, is widely grown in Tibet, and Se-biofortification of hulless barley could be a feasible way to increase dietary Se intake. Moreover, great attention is paid by scientists at home and abroad. However, the study on the effect of Se-biofortification on hulless barley in Tibet has not yet been reported. Status of soil Se, hulless barley production and Se content of hulless barley, and the production pathways on Se-enriched hulless barley in Tibet were discussed. (1) Previous studies identified the total soil Se content and distribution of Tibet. In Tibet, average soil total Se content was (0.150±0.084) mg·kg-1, which was half of that of China’s soils [(0.290±0.255) mg·kg-1]. Se-deficient soils were largely distributed in the north of the Yalu Zangbu River of Tibet, and total soil Se content was less than 0.1 mg·kg-1, while high-Se soils were normally located in the opposite area, and total soil Se content was more than 0.3 mg·kg-1, such as Gangba County, Tsome County, Lhuntse County, and Tsona County. (2) Although, the planting area and production of hulless barley of Tibet was 1.2×105 hm2 and 6.2×105 ton, accounted for 21% and 29% of China’s barley planting area and production, the average grain Se content of hulless barley was 0.02 mg·kg-1, while the average Se content of feedstuff was 0.03 mg·kg-1, i.e., straw of hulless barley, and the blood Se content of livestock of Tibet was also lower than the critical level. The estimated Se intake through hulless barley consumption was 8 μg? person-1?d-1 for Tibetan, while total dietary Se intake (10-16 μg?person-1?d-1) was far behind the recommendation, even if the Se intakes by meat, milk, and vegetables were included. (3) Considering the high altitude and complex climate of Tibet, the problems and corresponding solutions, such as optimization of Se fertilizer amount in different production areas, the different response in grain Se content of hulless barley with foliar application and nature soil condition, and planning and utilization of high-Se soils of Tibet were proposed. Se-biofortification could be of benefit to increase the quality of crops and livestock and to improve the health of the Tibetan people.

Key words: hulless barley, Tibet, soil selenium content, Se application rate, Se-efficient hulless barley cultivars