普通小麦-簇毛麦T5VS·5DL易位染色体对小麦主要农艺性状、品质和白粉病抗性的遗传效应分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.06.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】分析普通小麦-簇毛麦T5VS·5DL易位染色体对主要农艺性状、品质性状及白粉病抗性的遗传效应，了解T5VS·5DL易位染色体通过雌雄配子的传递情况，筛选便于育种利用的共显性分子标记，进一步明确T5VS·5DL易位系的高代回交品系在育种改良中的利用价值。【方法】分别以扬麦13、扬麦15为轮回亲本的高代T5VS·5DL易位系回交品系（BC₄F₄）及其分离群体（BC₅F₂）为材料，利用GISH及5VS特异分子标记对这些材料进行了鉴定；在大棚及大田2种环境下调查了这些材料的株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重等主要农艺性状，并对这些材料的水溶剂保持力、碳酸钠溶剂保持力、蔗糖溶剂保持力、乳酸溶剂保持力、蛋白和籽粒硬度等品质性状进行了分析；还利用白粉菌混合生理小种对这些材料的苗期（二叶期）和成株期（抽穗期）进行了接种鉴定。【结果】含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系的株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重等主要农艺性状与其轮回亲本相比，2种环境下的差异均不显著，表明簇毛麦5VS染色体臂代替普通小麦5DS染色体臂后，对产量性状的补偿性较好，没有显著的不利影响。品质性状的分析结果表明，含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系的籽粒硬度值（SKCS）均显著低于其轮回亲本，表明簇毛麦Dina/Dinb基因型比普通小麦的Pina/Pinb基因型具有更软质胚乳特性；另外，含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系的水溶剂保持力与碳酸钠溶剂保持力也显著低于轮回亲本，而蔗糖溶剂保持力、乳酸溶剂保持力及蛋白质含量的差异不显著，表明T5VS·5DL易位染色体对弱筋小麦品质指标可能有一定的正向效应。白粉菌混合生理小种接种鉴定的结果表明，在二叶期，含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系及其轮回亲本均高感白粉病，但在成株期含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系高抗白粉病，而其轮回亲本仍高感白粉病，表明含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系携带白粉病成株抗性基因。对BC₅F₂群体单株的白粉病及T5VS·5DL易位染色体鉴定的结果表明，所有含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体的单株均高抗白粉病，无T5VS·5DL易位染色体的单株均高感白粉病，推测一个显性的白粉病成株抗性基因与T5VS·5DL易位染色体共分离。同时在分离群体中，纯合易位染色体单株数、杂合单株数及无易位染色体单株数之比，经χ²测验符合1﹕2﹕1分离比例，表明T5VS·5DL易位染色体在小麦背景中遗传传递正常。通过对5VS特异分子标记的扩增条件及带型分析发现，共显性EST分子标记5EST-237、Pinb-1，扩增条件简单，特异带型易于识别，可以利用这些标记对T5VS·5DL易位染色体进行分子标记辅助选择。【结论】鉴于T5VS·5DL易位系良好的品质及抗病特性，建议在弱筋小麦的育种项目中加以利用。

关键词: T5VS·, 5DL易位系；弱筋小麦；白粉病；育种元件

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to understand the genetic effect of wheat-H.villosa T5VS·5DL translocated chromosome on yield traits, powdery mildew resistance，grain quality of common wheat and transmission of T5VS·5DL chromosome through male and female Gametes, and further learn more about its utilization value in wheat breeding improvement. 【Method】Based on the identification of T5VS·5DL translocated chromosome by GISH and five 5VS specific molecular markers, the advanced-generation backcrossing lines with T5VS·5DL translocated chromosome and their F₂, F_2:3 separation populations of which recurrent parents are Yangmai 15 and Yangmai 13, respectively, were used to investigate the yield traits, powdery mildew resistance and grain quality. The backcrossing lines were planted in greenhouse and field in 2013-2014, while the separation populations were only planted in greenhouse. Also, the mixed races of Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O.Speer f. sp. tritici (Bgt) were used to infect the materials at seeding stage and adult plant stage. 【Result】The results showed that there were no significant differences between T5VS·5DL lines and their recurrent parents in agronomic traits，including plant height，spike length，spike/spikelets, grains/spike and 1000-kernal weight which might be due to the better compensation of 5VS instead of 5DS. Compared to Yangmai15 and Yangmai13, the advanced-generation backcrossing T5VS·5DL translocation lines appeared lower in SKCS values, water solvent retention capacities and Na₂CO₃ solvent retention capacities, and similar in sucrose solvent retention capacities, lactic acid solvent retention capacities and protein content, which might be due to the different genotypes of softness genes located on 5VS and 5DS. Therefore, T5VS·5DL might have a positive effect on soft wheat quality. In addition, the results of powdery mildew resistance investigated at seedling stage and adult plant stage indicated that T5VS·5DL lines were susceptible at seedling stage, while heighly resistant at adult plant stage, suggesting the adult-plant powdery mildew resistance gene was present in T5VS·5DL lines. Genetic analysis showed that powdery mildew resistance was controlled by a dominant single gene located on T5VS·5DL translocated chromosome. The results of specific molecular marker analysis in BC₅F₂ generation showed that the ratio of homozygous plants, heterozygous plants and non-translocated chromosome plants followed Mendelian rules, suggesting that translocation chromosome T5VS·5DL can transmit to offsprings stably. The co-dominant marker 5EST-237, Pinb-1 with simple amplification conditions and easily distinguishable specific bands should be preferred in molecular marker assisted selection in wheat breeding. 【Conclusion】From breeding point of view, the T5VS·5DL translocation lines with positive effect on soft wheat quality and powdery mildew resistance gene should be used widely in breeding and quality improvement of weak-strength wheat.

Key words: T5VS·5DL translocation line, weak-strength gluten wheat, powdery mildew resistance, breeding element

张瑞奇，冯祎高，侯富，陈树林，别同德，陈佩度. 普通小麦-簇毛麦T5VS·5DL易位染色体对小麦主要农艺性状、品质和白粉病抗性的遗传效应分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(6): 1041-1051.

ZHANG Rui-qi, FENG Yi-gao, HOU Fu, CHEN Shu-lin, BIE Tong-de, CHEN Pei-du. The Genetic Effect of Wheat-H.villosa T5VS·5DL Translocated Chromosome on Agronomic Characteristics, Quality and Powdery Mildew Resistance of Common Wheat[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(6): 1041-1051.

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