中国农业科学 ›› 2013, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 1370-1379.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.07.007

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

促进稻田农药利用效率的表面活性剂筛选

 徐广春, 顾中言, 徐德进, 许小龙   

  1. 江苏省农业科学院植物保护研究所,南京 210014
  • 收稿日期:2012-12-04 出版日期:2013-04-01 发布日期:2013-02-06
  • 通讯作者: xgc551@163.com。通信作者顾中言,Tel/Fax:025-84390403;E-mail:guzy@jaas.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:徐广春,Tel:025-84390403;E-mail:xgc551@163.com。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(31101459)、江苏省农业科技创新基金(cx(12)5006)

Screening of Surfactants for Promoting the Efficiency of Pesticide Used in Paddy Field

 XU  Guang-Chun, GU  Zhong-Yan, XU  De-Jin, XU  Xiao-Long   

  1. Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014
  • Received:2012-12-04 Online:2013-04-01 Published:2013-02-06

摘要: 【目的】从有机硅、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚和氮酮 3类10种表面活性剂中筛选出能促进稻田农药利用效率的表面活性剂。【方法】分别采用国家标准GB 5549-1990和表面张力法测定10种表面活性剂溶液的表面张力及其对应的临界胶束浓度,并以表面张力降低的效率、初始接触角以及微量称重法测定的最大稳定持留量为依据筛选出适宜稻田喷雾使用的表面活性剂。【结果】PTS和NP-15达到临界胶束浓度时的溶液表面张力大于稻叶的临界表面张力,初始接触角均大于100°,不能粘附和润湿稻叶;GSS、KNS和GJZ可在稻叶上润湿,但初始接触角均大于90°,难以瞬间地粘附稻叶,易滚落或流失;其余5种表面活性剂适宜浓度下均可在稻田喷雾使用,其中有机硅表面活性剂Silwet 408的粘附、润湿效果好,其在30°、45°和60°倾角稻叶上的流失点((14.33±0.27)、(12.44±0.58)和(10.27±0.40)mg•cm-2)和最大稳定持留量((7.98±0.37)、(6.84±0.40)和(5.23±0.23)mg•cm-2)的最大值均显著高于TX-10。在水和3种常用药剂(毒死蜱、井冈霉素和吡虫啉)推荐浓度的药液中添加质量浓度为125.0 mg•L-1的Silwet 408,均能降低药液的表面张力至20.77—23.12 mN•m-1,初始接触角降至28.4°—67.1°,除毒死蜱推荐浓度外最大稳定持留量均显著增加。【结论】10种供试表面活性剂中的5种适宜浓度下可用于稻田喷雾,其中以Silwet 408 最适宜用于稻田喷雾,其最佳添加浓度为125.0 mg•L-1。

关键词: 初始接触角 , 表面张力 , 表面活性剂 , 临界胶束浓度 , 最大稳定持留量

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to filter out suitable surfactants based on improving the pesticide application efficiency in paddy field among 10 surfactants of 3 surfactant-types, organosilicone, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene and azone.【Method】Surface tension of 10 surfactant solutions was measured followed by national standard (GB 5549-1990) and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactant was also measured according to the change of surface tension of surfactants solutions. Then the proper surfactant solutions spraying in paddy field were selected on the basis of surface tension reducing efficiency, initial contact angle on rice leaf surface and maximum retention (Rm) by micro-weighing method.【Result】The surface tension values of PTS and NP-15 solutions at CMC were both more than the estimated critical surface tension (CST) values of rice leaves and the initial contact angles (>100°) on rice leaves were indicative of poor wetting and adhesion. GSS, KNS and GJZ could be wetting on rice leaf surface, but the initial contact angles (>90°) exhibited that droplets of solutions were hard to adhere to rice leaf surface and easy to roll or run off the rice leaf surface. The rest 5 surfactants at suitable concentrations could be used in paddy field and one of them was Silwet 408 showed good wetting and adhesion on rice leaf surface. At 30°, 45° and 60° inclination, its maximun run-off points ((14.33±0.27), (12.44±0.58) and (10.27±0.40) mg•cm-2) and Rm ((7.98±0.37), (6.84±0.40) and (5.23±0.23) mg•cm-2) of rice leaf surface were significantly greater than TX-10. After adding Silwet 408 at concentration of 125.0 mg•L-1 in water and three pesticides (chlopyrifos, validamycin and imidacloprid) solutions at recommended concentrations, values of surface tension of solutions decreased to 20.77-23.12 mN•m-1 and the initial contact angles reduced to 28.4°-67.1°. Excepting the chlopyrifos solution at recommended concentration, Rm of other solutions increased significantly. 【Conclusion】 The 5 surfactants tested at suitable concentrations can be used in paddy field. At the concentration of 125.0 mg•L-1, Silwet 408 solution is most suitable for spraying in paddy field.

Key words: initial contact angle , surface tension , surfactant , critical micelle concentration (CMC) , maximum retention (Rm)