不同控螺方式下稻田福寿螺种群的螺级结构及性比

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.03.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究福寿螺种群的结构，为了解其数量动态、发展趋势和评价福寿螺的控制效果等提供科学依据。【方法】在广东省双季稻种植区设置12个面积为100 m2的试验小区，对稻田养鸭、施杀螺剂和施茶籽饼这3种控螺方式下福寿螺种群的螺级结构及性比进行分析，并与未采取控螺措施的空白区进行对比。【结果】施杀螺剂可有效地控制稻田福寿螺幼螺的数量，但不利于对成螺的控制；施茶籽饼可有效地控制苗螺，但对中螺和成螺的控制效果较差。与稻鸭区和空白区相比，施杀螺剂和茶籽饼处理区各螺级组配的比例随时间的推移呈现出较大的不稳定性，尤其是在早稻生长期间。对稻鸭区而言，福寿螺种群在早稻生长期间以成螺为主，整体上属于下降型种群，其控螺的效果优于晚稻田。福寿螺种群内的雌雄比随时间的推移而变化，在同一时间内，不同控螺方式下种群间雌雄比的差异也比较大。施螺药区和施茶籽饼区，福寿螺的雌雄比相对较高，随时间的推移呈现出较大变幅。【结论】稻鸭共作可对稻田福寿螺种群进行持续控制，且对幼螺和中螺具有较好的控效，但不论是早稻还是晚稻，在抽穗期赶鸭上田后，需根据田间的具体情况，配合其它措施以控制福寿螺种群在后期的繁殖和生长。

关键词: 福寿螺, 螺级结构, 性比, 种群控制

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study is to research population structure of Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck) and to provide a scientific basis not only for grasping the dynamics and developmental tendency of P. canaliculata (Lamarck), but also for evaluating the performance of snail control measures. 【Method】 Twelve experimental plots for four treatments with three replicates were set in double cropping rice area of Guangdong province, each plot covered an area of 100 m2. Three control measures including raising ducks in the rice field, application of molluscicides and camellia oleifera cake, together with blank control plot were arranged randomly in the plots, in which information on ranking population structure of P. canaliculata (Lamarck) and sex ratio were collected and analyzed. 【Result】 Molluscicides application treatment was helpful for immature snails control but noneffective for mature ones. Camellia oleifera cake could be effectively used for control of immature snails, but not as effective as for medium and adult snails. Variation of population structure of P. canaliculata (Lamarck) over the time in both molluscicides and camellia oleifera cake treatments exhibited greater instability when compared with the rice-duck integrated farming treatment and blank control plot, especially during the growth period of early rice. P. canaliculata (Lamarck) in the rice-duck farming plot was comprised primarily of mature snails, making a descent style group from a whole during early rice-growing period. Sex ratio of P. canaliculata (Lamarck) under the same treatment changed over time, while differed considerably among four treatments at the same time. For molluscicides and camellia oleifera cake treatments, sex ratios (female to male) of P. canaliculata (Lamarck) were relatively high, with greater fluctuations as time passed. 【Conclusion】 Rice-duck farming could provide a sustainable controlling on population of golden apple snails especially to the young and medium snails. However, after ducks are driven out of the experimental plot during full heading growth period, associated measures should be adopted according to specific conditions in paddy rice field for controlling reproduction and growth of P. canaliculata (Lamarck) in the later growth stage of rice plant, regardless of the early or late rice season.

Key words: Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck), population structure, sex ratio, population control

秦钟, 方丽, 章家恩, 罗明珠, 赵本良. 不同控螺方式下稻田福寿螺种群的螺级结构及性比[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(3): 452-459.

QIN Zhong, FANG Li, ZHANG Jia-en, LUO Ming-Zhu, ZHAO Ben-Liang. Ranking Population Structure and Sex Ratio of Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck) in Different Control Approaches[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(3): 452-459.

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