基于裂变模式的农业农村信息快速调查及分析平台开发与应用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.21.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】为了有效解决传统农业农村基础信息采集过程中存在的采集周期长、样本量小、投放不精准、数据质量低、审核难度大等难题，实现突发事件背景下海量数据快速获取及可视化分析，本研究设计、研发了一套集问卷精准投放、数据快速采集、结果自动分析为一体的农业农村信息快速调查平台，为各级农业管理部门快速决策提供便捷工具。【方法】（1）总体设计：借助5层架构技术和中台理念设计平台，采用新媒体、GIS、社会网络分析（SNA）等技术，构建问卷精准投放模型、多级裂变模式、快速审核和自动分析策略，利用点度中心度、中介中心度、空间聚类等方法对调查问卷传播网络的裂变关系、扩散能力以及社群特征进行分析，深度挖掘、多维度呈现平台数据价值。（2）系统实现：采用前后端分离模式研制了2个子系统，分别为面向调研用户的速调采集系统、服务于信息调查者的速调管理及分析系统。（3）平台应用：利用VMware vSphere集成容器和集群服务器部署系统，借助Nginx负载均衡方式提高系统响应速度。【结果】通过半年持续运行，系统普适性强，已提供8大领域12次大规模农业农村信息调查服务，共采集问卷76 953份;农业农村经济信息调查案例中5 h内采集了12 243份问卷，裂变比例为88.23%，其中20.24%的人形成扩散并裂变，社群效果明显，裂变程度高、速度快、范围广;平台综合功能强，覆盖了问卷设计、投放地控制、裂变分享、智能审核、酬劳发放、统计分析、用户沉淀等功能，可为农业农村信息快速调查提供高效的一站式服务。【结论】基于裂变模式的农业农村信息快速调查与分析平台，具有数据采集快、信息获取真、样本收集多、功能性强的特点，实现了突发事件背景下农业农村基础信息紧急获取及分析结果可视化呈现，形成了一种基于海量数据、区别于官方调查的民调模式，可为各级农业管理部门开展行业信息的精准、高效调查，实现科学决策提供有力的技术支撑，对其他行业信息调查具有借鉴意义。

关键词: 农业农村信息, 快速调查, 裂变模式, 社会网络分析, 精准投放模型, 系统设计

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to effectively solve the problems existing in the process of collecting basic information of traditional agriculture and rural areas, such as long collection period, small sample size, inaccurate delivery, low data quality and difficulty in auditing, and to achieve rapid acquisition and visual analysis of massive data under the background of emergencies, a rapid survey platform for agricultural and rural information was designed and developed, which integrated accurate questionnaire delivery, rapid data collection and automatic analysis of results, so as to provide a convenient tool for agricultural management departments at all levels to make efficient decisions. 【Method】 (1) Overall design: The platform was designed based on the 5-layer architecture technology and the concept of “Mid-Plane”, and the new media, GIS and social network analysis (SNA) were used to build a questionnaire accurate delivery model, multi-level fission model, rapid review, and automatic analysis strategies. In order to deeply mine and present the value of platform data in multiple dimensions, this research used methods such as point centrality, betweenness centrality and spatial clustering to analyze the fission relationship, diffusion capacity, and community characteristics of the questionnaire dissemination network. (2) System realization: two subsystems were developed by adopting the front-end and back-end separation mode, namely, the rapid investigation collection system for survey users, and the rapid investigation management and analysis system for the information investigators. (3) Application: VMware vSphere integrated container and cluster server were used to deploy system and Nginx load balancing to improve system response speed. 【Result】 After six months of continuous operation, the system had strong universality. It has provided 12 large-scale agricultural and rural information survey services in 8 fields and collected a total of 76 953 questionnaires; In the agricultural and rural economic information survey cases 12 243 questionnaires have been collected within 5 hours, with a fission ratio of 88.23%, of which 20.24% formed diffusion and fission. The community effect was obvious, with high degree of fission, fast speed and wide range. The platform had strong comprehensive functions, covering the functions of questionnaire design, placement control, fission sharing, intelligent judgment of papers, reward distribution, statistical analysis, user classification, etc., which could provide one-stop service for rapid investigation of agricultural and rural information.【Conclusion】The rapid investigation and analysis platform of agricultural and rural information based on fission mode had the characteristics of fast data collection, true information acquisition, more sample collection, and strong functionality. It realized the function of obtaining basic information urgently and visualizing investigation results quickly under the background of emergencies, and formed a poll mode based on huge data and different from official investigation. It could provide strong technical support for efficient decision-making of agricultural management departments, and had reference significance for the information investigation of other industries.

Key words: agricultural and rural information, quick investigation, fission mode, social network analysis, precise placement model, system design

张杰,王川,董晓霞,祝文琪,岳慧丽,刘升平,周清波. 基于裂变模式的农业农村信息快速调查及分析平台开发与应用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(21): 4158-4174.

ZHANG Jie,WANG Chuan,DONG XiaoXia,ZHU WenQi,YUE HuiLi,LIU ShengPing,ZHOU QingBo. Development and Application of Rapid Investigation and Analysis Platform for Agricultural and Rural Information Based on Fission Model[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(21): 4158-4174.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.21.006

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2022/V55/I21/4158

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表2

信息调查常见方法耗时对比"

阶段划分 Stage division	传统走访式 Traditional visiting survey	逐层上报式 Step by step escalation survey	线上随机式 Online random survey	裂变式 Fission survey
找到受访者 Find the interviewees	11人各分担一省，到目的地半天，找到受访者1天 11 people each went to a province, arrived at the destination for half a day, and found the interviewees for 1 day	群聊方式，半小时传递给11省，再2小时由省传递给访问者 Through group chat, it would be delivered to 11 provinces in half an hour, and then delivered to interviewees by the provincial administrator in 2 hours	多人反复转发，常规2人×3天 Repeatedly forwarded by multiple people, usually 2 people×3 days	自行传播，常规2天 Self-transmitted, routinely 2 days
问卷填写（每份问卷） Fill out the questionnaire (per questionnaire)	6分钟填写，3分钟沟通，基本不可并行 6 minutes to fill out, 3 minutes to communicate, basically not parallel	3分钟填写，可并行，但及时性很低 3 minutes to fill out, can be parallelized, but the timeliness is very low	3分钟填写，可并行 3 minutes to fill out, can be parallelized	3分钟填写，可并行 3 minutes to fill out, can be parallelized
问卷审阅 Audit questionnaire	2分钟/份 2 minutes/questionnaire	2分钟/份，国家、省、市各审核一次，人多时间不可控，需反复催促 2 minutes/questionnaire, the national, provincial and municipal managers would review it once, the time was uncontrollable due to the large number of people, and it needed to be repeatedly urged	2分钟/份 2 minutes/questionnaire	提前设置阈值，自动审核，10秒/份 Set thresholds in advance, automatic review, 10 seconds/ questionnaire
预估总耗时 Estimated total time	11人×2.5天=27.5人天 11 people×2.5 days = 27.5 people days	11人×1天=11人天 11 people×1 day = 11 people days	2人×4天=8人天 2 people×4 days = 8 people days	1人×2天=2人天 1 person×2 days = 2 people days

表2

表3

表4

平台历史调查结果"

问卷名称 Questionnaire name	指标数量 Number of indicators	发布时间 Release date (Y-M-D)	采集时长 Duration of collection	采集数量 Number of collections	有效问卷数量 Number of valid questionnaires	问卷有效率 Questionnaire efficiency(%)	有效覆盖省数 Number of provinces effectively covered
7月农业农村经济信息调查 Agricultural and rural economic information survey in july	21	2021-7-8	5 d	541	506	93.53	29
农业农村信息速调系统水稻调查（7月） Agricultural and rural information rapid response system rice survey (July)	16	2021-7-15	6 d	17794	1554	8.73	17
居民乳制品消费调查 Residential dairy consumption survey	23	2021-9-3	5 d	7101	1056	14.87	12
农业农村信息速调系统水稻调查（9月） Agricultural and rural information rapid response system rice survey (September)	30	2021-9-22	8 d	3396	967	28.47	12
粮食作物秋收秋播调查 Autumn harvest and sowing survey for food crops	20	2021-10-18	5 d	1721	452	26.26	12
2021年青贮秋收调查 Silage autumn harvest survey in 2021	19	2021-10-23	3 d	3905	533	13.65	9
京津冀地区婴幼儿乳粉品牌选择调研 Research on brand choice of infant milk powder in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei	31	2021-11-9	6 d	2698	327	12.12	8
种植业产销经营中电子商务应用情况调查 Survey on the use of e-commerce in plantation production and marketing operations	24	2021-11-29	2 d	7809	1054	13.50	31
区域蜂产业发展调查 Regional bee industry development survey	30	2021-12-9	9 h	4001	1489	37.22	17
农业农村信息速调系统小麦调查 Survey of wheat for the agricultural rural information rapid response system	13	2021-12-7	2.5 d	6675	721	10.80	31
水果线上线下购买习惯和价格感知调研 Research on online and offline fruit buying habits and price perceptions	19	2021-12-17	2 h	9096	2972	32.77	31
农业农村经济信息调查 Agricultural and rural economic information survey	29	2021-12-22	5 h	12243	2228	18.20	31

表4

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点出度 OD	占比 P(%)	点出度 OD	占比 P(%)	点出度 OD	占比 P(%)	点出度 OD	占比 P(%)	点出度 OD	占比 P(%)	点出度 OD	占比 P(%)	点出度 OD	占比 P(%)
0	79.76	10	0.13	19	0.04	28	0.02	62	0.02	63	0.01	167	0.01
1	11.61	12	0.12	22	0.04	34	0.02	111	0.02	66	0.01	172	0.01
2	2.99	15	0.09	35	0.04	37	0.02	24	0.01	74	0.01	175	0.01
3	1.45	14	0.06	13	0.03	40	0.02	31	0.01	84	0.01	182	0.01
4	1	17	0.06	21	0.03	41	0.02	32	0.01	97	0.01	193	0.01
5	0.60	16	0.05	23	0.03	42	0.02	43	0.01	106	0.01	209	0.01
6	0.35	18	0.05	26	0.03	45	0.02	49	0.01	107	0.01	280	0.01
8	0.19	20	0.04	27	0.03	46	0.02	50	0.01	108	0.01
7	0.18	25	0.04	33	0.03	51	0.02	55	0.01	121	0.01
9	0.18	29	0.04	36	0.03	53	0.02	58	0.01	142	0.01
11	0.15	39	0.04	44	0.03	59	0.02	61	0.01	145	0.01

功能描述 Feature description	传统走访式Traditional walk-in style	逐层上报式 Cascade reporting style	线上随机式 Online random	裂变式 Fissionable
电子问卷E-questionnaire		√	√	√
问卷数量控制Control of the number of questionnaires	√	√		√
投放地控制Placement control	√			√
裂变式扩散Fissionable diffusion				√
数据导出Data export		√	√	√
问卷审阅Questionnaire review	√	√	√	√
智能审核Smart audit				√
酬劳发放Remuneration			√	√
推广效果分析Promotion effect analysis				√
答题统计Answer statistics			√	√
问卷空间分布Spatial distribution of questionnaires				√
专题分析Thematic analysis		√		√
用户画像User profiling				√
用户分级User classification				√
用户沉淀User sedimentation				√