日照和蒸散发量对微藻生长的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.07.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】微藻是可以进行光合作用的水生生物，不仅可用作为生产生物柴油的原料，同时也可用于生产高蛋白食物和动物饲料等。微藻生长不与陆生植物竞争土地资源，其整体应用对可持续农业发展的潜力巨大。高产量微藻养殖对微藻整体产业发展至关重要，以室外硅藻养殖为实例，探讨生长阶段光照和需水量等要素与产量的关系，为大规模养殖管理提供指导。【方法】利用深圳兆凯生物能源研究中心室外硅藻养殖平台，研究硅藻养殖的适宜设备和生长条件，收集开放式光反应器硅藻养殖系统生长阶段的每日产量数据；同时从深圳市气象局和深圳大学城北大气象观测站收集相应的温度、光照、湿度等气象资料。通过光合作用模型量化硅藻生长的光照需求，同时利用SIMMETEO模型结合温度、光照、湿度等气象要素模拟硅藻生长过程的日蒸散发量。最终通过统计分析建立光照、水分需求量和硅藻产量的关系模型，研究其对硅藻生长的影响。【结果】在年均温度较高的地区，相较于太阳辐射等气象因素，温度对硅藻日产量的影响相对较小，其线性拟合优度R²=0.464。太阳辐射对硅藻日产量影响显著，其线性拟合优度R2=0.656。同时，太阳辐射与蒸散发量有显著相关性，其sigmoidal曲线拟合优度达0.962。当每日太阳辐射值为9.67—12.67 MJ•m-2时，其对硅藻的蒸散发量影响最大；当每日太阳辐射值超过12.67 MJ•m-2时，硅藻的日蒸散发量不再随太阳辐射增大而增加，维持在4.63 mm左右，表明该生长系统的水分需求已达饱和。蒸散发量实际代表硅藻生长阶段的水需求量，硅藻日产量与日蒸散发量的线性拟合优度R2=0.637，表明蒸散发量对硅藻生长也有显著影响，硅藻生长需要适当的水分供给，当水分供给受限，不能满足生长需求，产量增长则受到限制；同时，硅藻生物量的增加也会导致水需求量的不断增大，以满足生理生化过程。【结论】太阳辐射和蒸散发对微藻生长有显著影响，是提高微藻产量时必须考虑的重要因素。硅藻需水量相比光照需求，更易量化和控制，研究硅藻的蒸散发量可以明确硅藻实际生长过程中的水分需求，为有效地进行水分供给提供依据，可应用为微藻养殖供水管理方面的有效工具。

关键词: 蒸散发量 , 太阳辐射 , 硅藻产量 , 微藻养殖 , 持续农业

Abstract: 【Objective】Microalgae accumulate lipids through photosynthesis, thus can be used to produce biofuel. In addition, microalgae can also be used as supplement for food, oil, and feed. Microalgae cultivation is not compete with terrestrial plants for land resource, thus holding a great potential for the sustainable agricultural development. The commercialization development cannot be obtained without high microalgae productivity. This paper aims to quantify the influence of evapotranspiration and solar radiation on microalgae productivity.【Method】Based on the field production system of Zhaokai Bioenergy Research Center, diatom was cultivated in open pond culture system and the daily productivity data were collected. Meanwhile, the meteorological data were collected from local weather stations of Shenzhen Weather Bureau and the University Town Weather Station. SIMMETEO Model was applied to estimate the daily evapotranspiration data of diatom cultivation system. Based on the photosynthesis and evapotranspiration models, a microalgae productivity model was developed by using solar radiation and evapotranspiration data as inputs.【Result】Results showed that temperature influenced diatom productivity in a relatively small amount with R² about 0.46 in fitted growth curve. Solar radiation as well as evapotranspiration had a significant influence on diatom productivity with R2 above 0.6 in the fitted growth curves. Moreover, the R2 of the sigmoidal regression between daily solar radiation and evapotranspiration was 0.96, which indicates a strong correlation between these two variables. When the daily average solar radiation increased from 9.67 to 12.67 MJ•m-2, evapotranspiration also increased. When daily solar radiation was above 12.67 MJ•m-2, the water demand of algae growth became saturated and maintained at 4.63 mm per day. Evapotranspiration also had a significant influence on microalgae growth with R2 = 0.637 in the fitted growth curves. The cumulative amount of evapotranspiration during the cultivation process represents the total water demand for the growth. Microalgae growth was limited without enough water supplies. Meanwhile, the water demands also increased with the rising productivity.【Conclusion】Optimal solar radiation and evapotranspiration values are essential impact factors for microalgae cultivation. Analyzing the evapotranspiration and water demand during the growth phase will contribute for identifying the important meteorological impacts on algae growth and providing an effective management guide for efficient water application.

Key words: evapotranspiration , solar radiation , diatom productivity , microalgae cultivation , sustainable agriculture

冯婷, Shu GENG, 吴华南, 石萍. 日照和蒸散发量对微藻生长的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(7): 1372-1378.

FENG Ting, Shu GENG, WU Hua-nan, SHI Ping. The Influence of Solar Radiation and Water Demand on Microalgae Production[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(7): 1372-1378.

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