中国农业科学 ›› 2007, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 250-257 .

• 耕作栽培·生理生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

超级稻群体籽粒库容特征的初步研究

吴文革,张洪程,吴桂成,翟超群,钱银飞,陈 烨,徐 军,戴其根,许 珂   

  1. 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 江苏扬州大学农学院
  • 收稿日期:2006-06-06 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2007-02-10 发布日期:2007-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 张洪程

Preliminary study on population sink characters of super rice

  

  1. 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 江苏扬州大学农学院
  • Received:2006-06-06 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2007-02-10 Published:2007-02-10

摘要: 【目的】探索超级稻群体库容形成及其构成特征。【方法】以具有代表性的5个籼型超级稻为材料,用汕优63为对照,比较研究超级稻群体籽粒库容构成及特征。【结果】 (1)不同试点的超级稻品种均显著或极显著比对照增产,群体颖花量的增加是产量增加的直接原因。培育大穗是超级稻扩大库容量、增加颖花量的主要途径,而增穗并不能扩增群体总颖花量。(2)大穗是通过两种途径协调实现的:一是增加一次枝梗数及其上的平均着粒数,二是增加二次枝梗数但稳定二次枝梗上的平均着粒数; 其中增加二次枝梗数及其总粒数是主要的; 超级稻在一、二次枝梗数增加的同时,通过稳定二次枝梗上的平均着粒数而增加一次枝梗上的平均着粒数,优化颖花分布,提高全穗结实率而增加单穗籽粒重; 超级稻单穗重达4.0 g 以上, 平均比对照增重10.9% 。(3)超级稻产量潜力高,最大库容达870 kg/667m2,显著高于对照,平均增幅近10%;但最高库容有效充实度在品种间、试点间变化较大,并无稳定优势,平均为80.3%,略低于对照,故因种因地栽培是实现超级稻稳定超高产的关键。【结论】超级稻在稳定适宜穗数的基础上通过协调增加一次枝梗数和二次枝梗数及其平均着粒数来增大穗型,通过优化一、二次枝梗上颖花分布来提高结实率从而增加单穗重。

关键词: 超级稻, 颖花量, 最大库容量, 库容有效充实度, 枝梗, 单穗重

Abstract: 【Objective】In order to reveal the population grains sink and the yield formation characteristics of super rice.【Method】As the material with representative 5 indica super rice cultivars, and in comparison with Shanyou 63 under field conditions, the composition and characteristic of sink were studied. 【Result】the result indicated that: (1)The average yield of 5 super rice cultivars grew in Dongahi ,Xinghua and Changshu of Jiangsu province were 700.4kg/667m2 (from 678.9 kg/667m2 to 724.7kg/667m2), which were significant or extremely significant higher than those of Shanyou 63.The leading cause of high yield were greater total spikelets number of population. Increasing total spikelets number of population due to larger panicle than more panicles.(2)To obtain larger panicle by adding primary branches(PB) and its spikelets per PB and secondary branches(SB) and by stabilizing its spikelets per SB in the panicles of super rice, in which the main was increasing of secondary branches and its total spikelets. By increasing branch number to enlarge panicle-type, meanwhile, stabilizing mean grains on secondary branch in order to increase mean grains on panicle branch that can optimize traits of panicles, increase filling grains on branch and seed setting rate on panicle, and increase single panicle weight up to 4.0g(compared to ck+10.9%), then the super-high yielding can be made success. (3)The peak capacity of sink on the super rice is about 870kg/667m2 , which were significant higher than those of Shanyou 63,but the variation of the effective filling rate of sink was wide rage between varieties and cultivated locations. The average effective filling rate of sink of super rice was 80.3%, there was still about 20% potential grain yield .【Conclusion】The yield components and population sink feature of super rice were large panicles based on the enough panicle number, greater total spikelets number of population and larger sink size mainly due to great numbers of primary and secondary branches in the panicles; raised seed setting and single panicle weight by optimizing the structure of branches and their spikelets. In this paper, study for super high-yielding culturing on super hybrid rice was proposed.

Key words: Super rice, Total amount of spikelets, Peak sink, Effective filling rate of sink, Branch, Single panicle weight