中国农业科学

• • 上一篇    

最新录用:提升龙眼果实耐贮性的果期病害防治与养分优化管理

韩冬梅1, 黄石连1, 欧阳思颖2, 张乐2, 卓侃3, 吴振先2, 李建光1, 郭栋梁1, 王静1    

  1. 1广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室,广州 5106402 华南农业大学园艺学院,广东省果蔬保鲜重点实验室/南方园艺产品保鲜教育部工程中心,广州5106423 华南农业大学植物保护学院,广州510642
  • 发布日期:2022-05-11

Optimized Management Mode for Disease and Nutrient During the Entire Fruit Development Improves the Postharvest Storability of Longan Fruit

HAN DongMei1, HUANG ShiLian1, OUYANG SiYing2, ZHANG Le2, ZHUO Kan3, WU ZhenXian2, LI JianGuang1, GUO DongLiang1, WANG Jing1 #br#   

  1. 1Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Science / Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA) / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratary of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640; 2College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Postharvest Science of Fruit and Vegetables / Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education,, Guangzhou, 510642; 3College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640
  • Online:2022-05-11

摘要: 【目的】探讨果期病害防治与养分管理对龙眼果实特征品质和耐贮性的影响,获得提升龙眼果实贮藏品质的采前优化管理模式。【方法】以品种‘石硖’为材料,以病害防治(因素A)、施肥类型(因素B)和激素调控(因素C)为试验因素,设计了L12 (4×33)的大田正交试验,共12个处理组合(BR1—BR12),其中BR1为对照;观测了果实成熟品质和矿质营养含量,定期观察果实在5℃下的贮藏效果筛选优化作用显著的试验因子和水平【结果】(111个果实品质和20个果实矿质营养指标(包括果皮和果肉)变异系数范围分别为2.19%49.50%5.14% 77.43%除感官指标果净度、果锈度和果肉爽脆度外,其它指标在各处理间都存在极显著差异(P0.01)。2随着贮期延长,各处理果实霉变、果皮褐变和果肉自溶程度增强,好果率下降,处理间差异极显著(P0.01)。聚类结果显示BR11BR12贮藏效果最佳,褐变、自溶与霉变率评分均最低,好果率最高,耐贮性最好,贮藏寿命约40 d,比对照BR1延长了近15d;反之,BR1BR2耐贮性最差,贮藏寿命约25 d3相关分析结果表明,病害防治(因素A)与果实贮藏期间的褐变、自溶、霉变率、好果率和耐贮性评分均极显著相关(P0.01),果表b*值、果净度、果皮矿质元素锌和锰含量与贮藏效果密切相关(P0.01;钾、钙、镁主要影响单果质量、可食率、可溶性固形物含量和果锈度,锌、锰、硼主要影响果净度和果锈度。4因素水平边际均值估算结果表明,与小果期和不防治相比,全果期和膨果期病害防治可以显著提高果表b*值、表C*P0.05和果净度(P0.01,降低贮期褐变、自溶与霉变程度提高好果率和耐贮性,其中全果期防治效果最优(P0.01全营养施肥显著提高果肉爽脆度(P0.01、果净度和耐贮性P0.05,降低霉变率P0.01激素调控作用不明显【结论】采前科学合理的病害防治与养分管理可以显著提高龙眼果实特征品质和耐贮性,推荐果期优化综合管理模式为全果期病害防治+全营养施肥”。


关键词: 龙眼果实, 耐贮性, 特征品质, 病害防治, 施肥类型

Abstract: ObjectiveTo obtain an optimized preharvest management mode to improve the longan fruit storability, the effects of disease control and nutrient management during fruit development on the characteristic quality and storability of longan fruit were explored. MethodA field-based orthogonal trial (12 (4×33)) was conducted with 12 combinations (labeled as BR1-BR12) using the cultivar Shixia as material, among which BR1 was the control (CK). Disease control (DCP), fertilization type (FT) and hormone regulation (HR) were used as factor A (FacA), factor B (FacB) and factor C (FacC) respectively. The fruit quality and mineral nutrient contents were determined at harvest time, and the storage effects for the fruit of 12 treatments stored at 5were also observed regularly to screen the factors and levels with significant optimization effects.Result(1) Descriptive statistical analysis showed that the variation coefficients of 11 fruit quality and 20 mineral nutrition (in pericarp and aril) indexes ranged from 2.19% to 49.50% and from 5.14% to 77.43% respectively. Except for the organoleptic trait indicators including CDFS (cleanliness degree of fruit surface), RPTC (rust powder in the turtle cracks on the fruit surface) and ACD (aril crispy degree), the other indexes showed significant differences between treatments (P<0.01). (2) With the prolonging of the storage period, the MFR (mouldy fruit rate), EBI (endocarp browning index), ABI (aril breakdown index) of each treatment fruit increased, and the EFR (edible fruit rate) and storability decreased, and the difference between treatments was extremely significant (P<0.01). Moreover, the clustering results showed that BR11 and BR12 had the best storage effect with the lowest EBS (endocarp browning score), ABS (aril breakdown score) and MFRS (score of mildew fruit rate), and the highest EFRS (score of edible fruit rate) and CSES (score of comprehensive storability throughout the entire storage), and their storage life was about 40 days and about 15 days longer than the control (BR1). On the contrary, BR1and BR2 had the worst storability with about 25 days of storage life. (3) Correlation analysis showed that disease control (facA) was closely associated with EBS, ABS, MFRS, EFRS and CSES during the fruit storage (P<0.01), b* value of fruit surface (FSb*)  and ACD, total Zn and Mn contents in pericarp were closely related to fruit storage effects (P<0.01). Besides these, the contents of K, Ca, Mg mainly affected the SFM (single fruit mass), EPRF (edible portions rate in a fruit), TSS (content of total soluble solid substance) and RPTC of fruit, and the contents of Zn, Mn, B mainly affected CDFS and RPTC. (4) The estimated marginal means of each level of trial factors showed that, compared with no disease control (1-DCK) and young fruit stage (2-YS), disease control during the entire fruit period (4-EP) and expansion stage (3-ES) could significantly improve the FSb*,FSC* (C* value of fruit surface, P<0.05) and CDFS (P<0.01), reduce the EBS, ABS and MFR, and ultimately improve the EFRS and CSES. Among the 4 kinds of disease control methods, the control effect of 4-EP was the best (P<0.01). Full nutrition fertilizer (3-FF) significantly improved the ACD, CDFS and CSES and reduced the MFRS, otherwise, hormone regulation (HR) did no obvious effect.ConclusionScientific and reasonable disease control and nutrient management before harvest can significantly improve the characteristic quality and storability of longan fruit. It is recommended to optimize the comprehensive management mode during fruit development as “disease control throughout the entire fruit period + full nutrient fertilization”.


Key words: longan fruit, storability, characteristic quality, disease control, fertilization type