半干旱牧区天然打草场生产力时空变化及对气候响应分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.021

中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (13): 2743-2756.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.021

• 生态产业示范及区域尺度分析 • 上一篇下一篇

半干旱牧区天然打草场生产力时空变化及对气候响应分析

毛平平,沈贝贝,丁蕾,朱晓昱,辛晓平(),闫玉春,王旭,闫瑞瑞,徐丽君,陈宝瑞

中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,北京 100081

收稿日期:2019-09-15 接受日期:2020-04-01 出版日期:2020-07-01 发布日期:2020-07-16
通讯作者: 辛晓平
作者简介:毛平平,E-mail: 15910539860@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0500608);北方草甸退化草地治理技术与示范(2016YFC0500603);国家重点研发计划-中美政府间合作项目(2017YFE0104500);草地碳收支监测评估技术合作研究、现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-34);中国农业科学院科技创新工程协同创新任务(AAS-XTCX2016007)

Temporal and Spatial Variation of Productivity and Its Response to Climate in Semi-Arid Pasture of Forage Harvesting Area

MAO PingPing,SHEN BeiBei,DING Lei,ZHU XiaoYu,XIN XiaoPing(),YAN YuChun,WANG Xu,YAN RuiRui,XU LiJun,CHEN BaoRui

Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hulunbuir Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Beijing 100081

Received:2019-09-15 Accepted:2020-04-01 Online:2020-07-01 Published:2020-07-16
Contact: XiaoPing XIN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 定量评估半干旱牧区天然打草场的生产能力,分析天然打草场的退化程度,明确气候因子对打草场生长过程的影响。【方法】 利用Miami和Tharnthwaite Memorial模型计算2000—2017年半干旱牧区天然打草场气候生产潜力,并结合近18年的中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）净初级生产力（NPP）产品（MOD17A2H）进行分析。【结果】 2000—2017年半干旱牧区天然打草场实际生产力与潜在生产力均随降水增加呈上升趋势,天然打草场18年平均实际生产力和潜在生产力分别为295.24和557.79 g C·m^-2·a^-1。按不同草地类型分析,气候生产潜力与实际生产潜力均以草甸草原最高,分别为589.68 g C·m^-2·a^-1和349.78 g C·m^-2·a^-1,山地草甸的气候生产潜力最低,为518.72 g C·m^-2·a^-1,而实际生产潜力以典型草原最低,仅为269.52 g C·m^-2·a^-1。从变异系数来分析,气候生产潜力与实际生产力均以草甸草原最稳定。从年际变化率分析,草甸草原的气候生产潜力的上升速率最高,为6.30 g C·m^-2·a^-1,实际生产力以山地草甸上升速率最高,为4.44 g C·m^-2·a^-1。实际生产力对降水的响应高于温度,其中95.88%的打草场与降水呈显著正相关关系,与温度呈负相关的区域仅占总面积的5.70%,且不同草地类型的实际生产力均与降水在P<0.001水平呈显著正相关关系。【结论】 天然打草场气候生产潜力呈由西向东递增的地带性规律,而实际生产力受水热条件的影响,以大兴安岭为中心向东西两麓逐渐递减,其对降水的响应高于温度,水分条件是该区植被生长的限制因子;年均气候资源利用率的分布规律与实际生产力相同,平均气候资源利用率为55.09%;以草甸草原打草场的气候资源利用率最高,高达60.34%,同时也是退化速度最高的草地类型。

关键词: 气候生产潜力, 实际生产力, 天然打草场, 气候资源利用率

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to simulate the productivity of hay-land in the semi-arid pastoral region, to evaluate the grassland degradation and to explore the impact of climate on grassland production. 【Method】 The potential productivity of hay-land from 2000 to 2017 was calculated by using Miami and Thornthwaite model, and compared with the MODIS NPP products (MOD17A2H), which represented the actual productivity. 【Result】 From 2000 to 2017, both actual productivity and potential productivity of hay-land in semi-arid pastoral region increased with rising precipitation, with mean value of 295.24 and 557.79 g C?m^-2?a^-1, respectively. Both the potential and actual productivity were the highest in meadow steppe, which were 589.68 and 349.78 g C?m^-2?a^-1, respectively, and with the lowest coefficient of variation. The potential productivity was the lowest in mountainous meadow with an average value of 518.72 g C?m^-2?a^-1, while the actual productivity was the lowest in the typical steppe with 269.52 g C?m^-2?a^-1. The inter-annual change rate of potential productivity was the highest in the meadow steppe, which was 6.30 g C?m^-2?a^-1, and the actual productivity was the highest in mountainous meadow with 4.44 g C?m^-2?a^-1. The actual productivity showed significant positive relationship with precipitation in 95.88% of the hay-land steppe, however, showed negative correlation with temperature in 5.70% of the area. 【Conclusion】 The climatic production potential of forage harvesting area increased from west to east. Under the influence of hydrothermal conditions, the actual productivity gradually decreased in the east and west foothills of the Daxing’an Mountain range, and its response to precipitation was higher than that of temperature. The average annual utilization rate of climate resources was the same as the actual productivity, and the average utilization rate of climate resources was 55.09%. The grassland of meadow grassland had the highest utilization rate of climate resources, which was as high as 60.34%.

Key words: climate productivity potential, actual productivity, forage harvesting area, climate resources utilization

毛平平,沈贝贝,丁蕾,朱晓昱,辛晓平,闫玉春,王旭,闫瑞瑞,徐丽君,陈宝瑞. 半干旱牧区天然打草场生产力时空变化及对气候响应分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(13): 2743-2756.

MAO PingPing,SHEN BeiBei,DING Lei,ZHU XiaoYu,XIN XiaoPing,YAN YuChun,WANG Xu,YAN RuiRui,XU LiJun,CHEN BaoRui. Temporal and Spatial Variation of Productivity and Its Response to Climate in Semi-Arid Pasture of Forage Harvesting Area[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(13): 2743-2756.

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草地类型 Grassland type	温度 t (℃)	降水 p (mm)	蒸散量 v (mm)	由温度决定的植物干物质产量 W_t(g C?m^-2?a^-1)	由降水决定的植物干物质产量 W_p(g C?m^-2?a^-1)	由蒸散量决定的植物干物质产量 W_v(g C?m^-2?a^-1)	气候生产潜力 W (g C?m^-2?a^-1)	限制因子Limiting factor
草甸草原 Meadow steppe	2.32	368.76	360.41	794.92	647.12	623.09	623.09	V
山地草甸 Mountain steppe	0.77	315.40	319.89	688.27	563.66	545.13	545.13	V
典型草原 Typical steppe	2.47	304.84	364.03	802.22	546.47	565.75	546.47	p
低地草甸 Lowland steppe	1.78	322.70	346.30	756.91	574.74	568.62	568.62	V

草地类型 Grassland type	相关性系数区间所占面积分配比 Area distribution ratio of correlation coefficients interval (%)
	显著负相关 Negative correlation			不显著相关 Not significantly correlation	显著正相关 Positive correlation
	-1.000—-0.693***	-0.693—-0.575**	-0.575—-0.456*	-0.456—0.456	0.456—0.575*	0.575—0.693**	0.693—1.000***
草甸草原 Meadow steppe	0.00	0.01	0.05	4.37	7.05	21.41	67.11
山地草甸 Mountain steppe	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.52	9.17	15.36	72.95
典型草原 Typical steppe	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.87	5.20	16.77	75.16
低地草甸 Lowland steppe	0.01	0.01	0.02	1.79	3.36	16.31	78.50
总计Total	0.00	0.01	0.02	3.09	5.45	18.04	73.39

草地类型 Grassland type	相关性系数区间所占面积分配比 Area distribution ratio of correlation coefficient interval (%)
	显著负相关 Negative correlation			不显著相关 Not significantly correlation	显著正相关 Positive correlation
	-1.000—-0.693***	-0.693—-0.575**	-0.575—-0.456*	-0.456—0.456	0.456—0.575*	0.575—0.693**	0.693—1.000***
草甸草原 Meadow steppe	0.00	0.22	2.39	97.38	0.00	0.00	0.00
山地草甸 Mountain steppe	0.00	0.00	2.98	97.02	0.00	0.00	0.00
典型草原 Typical steppe	0.00	0.26	6.62	93.13	0.00	0.00	0.00
低地草甸 Lowland steppe	0.02	0.57	7.13	92.28	0.00	0.00	0.00
总计Total	0.01	0.31	5.38	94.31	0.00	0.00	0.00

半干旱牧区天然打草场生产力时空变化及对气候响应分析

Temporal and Spatial Variation of Productivity and Its Response to Climate in Semi-Arid Pasture of Forage Harvesting Area

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