套作对大豆苗期茎秆纤维素合成相关糖类物质转化的影响及其与叶片光合的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.07.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】从纤维素合成相关糖类物质转化的角度，阐明玉米大豆套作模式下，大豆苗期茎秆光形态建成的机理。【方法】在大豆单作和玉米大豆套作两种种植模式下，以强耐荫大豆南豆12和弱耐荫大豆南032-4为试验材料，对叶片光合速率和茎秆总碳、纤维素、可溶性糖、蔗糖、β-1,3-葡聚糖等含量进行测定和分析。【结果】与单作相比，套作大豆由于受到玉米荫蔽，苗期光合速率显著降低，但材料间对套作的反应程度不同，强耐荫大豆南豆12受套作荫蔽的影响程度相对较小，在套作下表现出较强的光合能力；套作显著降低了大豆叶片和茎秆的总碳含量，但南豆12的降低幅度显著低于南032-4。相关分析表明叶片光合速率与叶片和茎秆的总碳含量、茎秆的纤维素含量均呈极显著正相关（r=0.952，0.935，0.825，P＜0.01），说明荫蔽通过影响大豆叶片的光合速率，减少了光合产物的积累和向茎秆中的分配，导致大豆植株茎秆纤维素含量降低；强耐荫大豆南豆12在荫蔽下的光合速率较高，光合产物积累较多，适合套作种植。在整个苗期，虽然套作大豆茎秆可溶性糖含量均显著低于单作，但β-1,3-葡聚糖和蔗糖含量在大豆出苗后30—51 d却表现为套作显著高于单作，且在套作模式下，两个大豆糖类物质转化率差异显著；同一种植模式下，强耐荫大豆南豆12茎秆可溶性糖、蔗糖和β-1,3-葡聚糖的含量和转化率均显著或极显著高于南032-4。对纤维素沉积方式分析表明，同一大豆材料，单作模式下茎秆纤维素快速累积时间和累积速率要高于套作；同一种植模式下，强耐荫大豆南豆12纤维素快速累积时间要短于南032-4，但差异较小，而累积速率要高于南032-4，最终导致南豆12的茎秆纤维素含量显著高于南032-4。【结论】套作荫蔽降低了大豆叶片的光合能力，减少了光合产物向茎秆的运输量和茎秆填充物的含量，改变了茎秆纤维素的沉积方式，使得纤维素的含量降低；而强耐荫性大豆南豆12在套作模式下能保持较高光合能力和茎秆纤维素合成能力，具有较强的抗倒伏性。

关键词: 套作大豆；光合速率；总碳；纤维素；可溶性糖；蔗糖；&beta, -1,3-葡聚糖

Abstract: 【Objective】The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism of photosynthetic morphology of soybean at seedling stage in maize/soybean intercropping from the perspective of transformation of related sugars and cellulose synthesis.【Method】 Under soybean monoculture and maize/soybean intercropping systems, the strong shade tolerant soybean (Nandou12) and weak shade tolerant soybean (Nan 032-4) were used as the experimental materials. The photosynthetic rate of leaf and the total carbon, cellulose, soluble sugar, sucrose, and β-1, 3-glucan of stem were measured and analyzed. 【Result】 Compared with soybean monoculture, the leaf photosynthetic rate of intercropping soybean was significantly decreased due to maize shading, but the degree of response was different with different soybean cultivar. In intercropping system, the decreasing degree of strong shade tolerance soybean Nandou 12 was relatively small, and Nandou 12 showed stronger photosynthetic ability than Nan 032-4. The total carbon contents in the leaf and stem of shaded soybean decreased, but the reduction degree of Nandou12 was significantly lower than that of Nan 032-4. Correlation analysis showed that the photosynthetic rate of leaf was highly significantly positive correlation with the total carbon content in the leaf and stem, and the cellulose content in the stem (r=0.952, 0.935, 0.825, respectively, P＜0.01). The result explained that shade of intercropping affected the photosynthesis rate, reduced the accumulation and distribution of photosynthetic products in the stem. Finally, the cellulose content in soybean stem was decrease. But the strong shade tolerance soybean Nandou 12, with the higher photosynthetic rate and accumulation of photosynthetic product, was more suitable planting in intercropping. At seedling stage, the soluble sugar content of intercropping soybean stem was significantly lower than that of monoculture soybean. The contents of β-1, 3-glucan and sucrose in intercropped soybean stem from 30-51 d after germinating were significantly higher than that in monoculture, and in intercropping the carbohydrate conversion rate of two soybean was significantly different. Under the same planting pattern, the content and transformation rate of soluble sugar, sucrose and β-1,3-glucan of soybean stem with strong shade tolerance soybean Nandou 12 were significantly higher than those in Nan 032-4. The analysis of cellulose deposition modes showed that, for the same soybean material, the rapid accumulation time and accumulation rate in monoculture system were higher than that in intercropping system. In the same planting pattern, the cellulose accumulated rate in the stem of Nandou 12 was shorter than that of Nan 032-4, but the difference was small, and the accumulation rate was higher than that in Nan 032-4. It resulted in that the cellulose content in the stem of Nandou12 was significantly higher than that in Nan 032-4.【Conclusion】Shading from maize in intercropping system decreases the photosynthetic capacity of soybean leaves, slow the transportation of photosynthate from leaf to stem, and reduce content of stuffing in stem stuffing. Shading changes the accumulation modes of cellulose in soybean stem, and makes the cellulose content decrease. In intercropping system, the strong shade tolerance soybean Nandou12 can maintain higher photosynthetic capacity and stronger cellulose synthesis ability in the stem, so its’ lodging resistance is strong.

Key words: intercropping soybean, photosynthetic rate, total carbon, cellulose, soluble sugar, sucrose, β-1, 3- glucan

任胜茂，邓榆川，文凤君，Sajad Hussain，蒲全明，于晓波，刘卫国，杨文钰. 套作对大豆苗期茎秆纤维素合成相关糖类物质转化的影响及其与叶片光合的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(7): 1272-1282.

REN ShengMao, DENG YuChuan, WEN FengJun, Sajad Hussain, PU QuanMing, YU XiaoBo, LIU WeiGuo, YANG WenYu. Effects of Intercropping on the Transformation of Carbohydrate Related Substances in Stem of Soybean Seedling Stage and Its Relationship with Leaf Photosynthesis[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(7): 1272-1282.

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