农田土壤钙素含量及空间分布规律研究——以武功县大庄乡为例

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.05.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】分析关中地区土壤发育与演化的历史，企图揭示在现代农业生产条件下土地高强度利用、施肥与耕作制度的变更等对土壤健康的影响。【方法】选定自然条件及土地利用类型一致的聚居村庄，在水平距离仅600 m的范围内，按照辐射线状采集农田土样，并参照了该地区1982年土壤普查数据采集信息，采用“横向参照标准方法”和“纵向（时间）标准方法”，研究农田土壤钙素的演化趋势。【结果】在水平尺度上距村庄0—400 m范围内表层0—40 cm土壤碳酸钙、交换性钙含量的水平变化均不够明显，在400—600 m处却明显增大，在0—600 m的范围内土壤水溶性钙含量随距村庄距离的增加而逐渐降低。在垂直尺度上不同水平距离处0—20 cm土壤碳酸钙含量均低于20—40 cm，而交换性钙和水溶性钙含量高于20—40 cm。在距村庄50 m处的剖面0—40 cm土层碳酸钙含量既低于距村庄500 m处，也低于1982年地区内土壤剖面同层的含量，而40 cm以下土壤碳酸钙含量明显增加。50 m处0—100 cm土壤钙素总贮量明显高于500 m处。表层0—40 cm土层交换性钙在村庄附近土壤中递减、水溶性钙含量递增。【结论】在无自然因素差异的有限水平空间范围内，高强度集约化土地利用以及密集型技术措施施行，明显驱动和加速了农田土壤钙素的淋失与淀积，导致土壤钙素的空间变异性及农田土壤表层钙素的隐型退化，这警示人们高度关注现代农业技术措施对土壤健康的作用和影响。

关键词: 碳酸钙, 交换性钙, 水溶性钙

Abstract: 【Objective】 To reveal the effects of intensive land use, fertilization and tillage system changes on soil health under the condition of modern agricultural production, the history of the development and evolution of soil in Guanzhong region was studied. 【Method】 Soil samples within 600 m to villages of the same natural conditions and land use types were analyzed for Ca change. Calcium content of samples in radiation lines was compared, and the data of soil survey made in 1982 were used as reference, so the methods of horizontal reference standard and vertical (time) standard were employed for study of the evolution of soil Ca. 【Result】 The results indicated that the variation of soil calcium carbonate and exchangeable calcium in 0-40 cm layer were not obvious in the horizontal scales in the range of 0-400 m from the village, but increased obviously in soils from 400-600 m to the villages. The content of soil water soluble calcium was gradually decreased in the range of 0-600 m. In the range of the same soil layer, the content of calcium carbonate in 0-20 cm layer was lower than that in the 20-40 cm layer. Exchangeable calcium and water soluble calcium was higher than that in the 20-40 cm layer. In 0-40 cm, the content of calcium carbonate 50 m away from the village was lower than that 500 m from the village, and the content in the same layer was lower than that in 1982. The content of calcium carbonate was significantly increased under 40 cm layer. The total storage capacity of soil calcium at 50 m away from the village was significantly higher than that at 500 m in 0-100 cm layer. 【Conclusion】 Therefore, the modern intensive land use and technology measures employed actuated and accelerated the process of soil calcium leaching and deposition in the limited level of space, resulting in the spatial variability of calcium in soils and the concealed degradation process of soil calcium in farmland. Cautions should be paid to the influences of modern agricultural technology measures on soil health.

Key words: CaCO₃, exchangeable Ca, water-soluble Ca

史红平，王益权，石宗琳，梁化学，王加旭. 农田土壤钙素含量及空间分布规律研究——以武功县大庄乡为例[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(5): 1008-1016.

SHI Hong-ping, WANG Yi-quan, SHI Zong-lin, LIANG Hua-xue, WANG Jia-xu . Spatial Distribution and Content of Soil Calcium in Farmland: A Case Study in Dazhuang Town, Wugong County[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(5): 1008-1016.

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