中国农业科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 643-656.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.04.004

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

源库调节对常规粳稻花后营养器官碳水化合物及氮磷钾转运的影响

许蓓蓓,尤翠翠,丁艳锋,王绍华   

  1. 南京农业大学农学院/江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心/农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室,南京 210095
  • 收稿日期:2015-07-20 出版日期:2016-02-16 发布日期:2016-02-16
  • 通讯作者: 王绍华,E-mail:wangsh@njau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:许蓓蓓,E-mail:2013101047@njau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家粮食丰产科技工程(2011BAD16B03,2012BAD04B08,2013BAD07B09)、江苏苏省科技支撑计划(BE2014392,BE2014393)

Effect of Source-Sink Manipulation on Translocation of Carbohydrate and Nitrogen, Phosphors, Potassium in Vegetative Organs of Conventional Japonica Rice After Anthesis

XU Bei-bei, YOU Cui-cui, DING Yan-feng, WANG Shao-hua   

  1. College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095
  • Received:2015-07-20 Online:2016-02-16 Published:2016-02-16

摘要:  【目的】阐明抽穗期源库关系对常规粳稻花后营养器官干物质、非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)和氮、磷、钾矿质元素等转运的影响,明确促进水稻植株养分高效再利用的粒叶比。【方法】以淮稻5号和宁粳3号两个常规粳稻品种为材料进行大田试验,分别于抽穗期选择茎生绿叶6片且开花进程一致的单茎,采用剪叶疏花的方法调节源库关系,将处理后当天每穗颖花数与单茎叶面积的比值定义为粒叶比,测定抽穗至成熟期叶片、茎鞘中干物质、NSC及氮、磷、钾的含量,计算相关物质的转运率,并分析其与粒叶比的关系。【结果】与对照(L0S0)相比,剪叶处理(L1/2S0)通过提高粒叶比,显著降低了结实率和千粒重,其中淮稻5号分别降低了8.6%—10.5%和19.0%—8.0%,宁粳3号分别降低了9.7%—20.4%和5.7%—12.6%;而疏花处理通过降低粒叶比,显著提高了结实率和千粒重,其中淮稻5号平均提高了3.4%—6.7%和1.2%—18.7%,宁粳3号平均提高了2.0%—4.3%和6.9%—17.3%,同一品种不同疏花处理之间的结实率和千粒重无显著的差异,但年份之间的表现并不一致,2014年水稻季的气候条件更有利于籽粒灌浆充实,其结实率和千粒重及提高幅度普遍高于2013年。剪叶处理显著提高了常规粳稻抽穗至成熟期叶片和茎鞘中干物质、NSC及氮、磷、钾等矿质元素的转运率,两品种间差异较小,不同年份间未表现出实质性的差异;而疏花处理则显著降低了抽穗至成熟期叶片和茎鞘中干物质、NSC及氮、磷、钾等的转运率,且疏花越多降低幅度越大,不同品种和不同年份间未表现出实质性的差异,但叶片和茎鞘干物质、NSC转运对疏花的响应存在根本性区别,随着疏花增多,叶片中干物质和NSC转运率下降,而茎鞘中干物质和NSC转运在表观上出现滞留不外运的现象。进一步分析叶片和茎鞘中干物质、NSC及氮、磷、钾的转运率(y)与抽穗期粒叶比x)的关系,发现上述指标间均存在y=(a+bx)/x曲线相关关系,在粒叶比较小时,叶片和茎鞘中各种物质的转运率均随粒叶比增大而急剧提高,当粒叶比增大至一定程度后,各种物质的转运率均趋近于潜在最大值,不再随粒叶比的增大而显著提高,不同物质潜在最大转运率虽然不同,但都在粒叶比1.5左右接近这一极限值,且淮稻5号和宁粳3号两个品种之间也未出现明显分异。【结论】相对较高的粒叶比有利于促进常规粳稻花后营养器官干物质和非结构性碳水化合物及氮、磷、钾等的转运,粒叶比与常规粳稻花后营养器官干物质、非结构性碳水化合物、氮、磷、钾等的转运率存在着密切的曲线相关关系,并在粒叶比1.5左右达到近似最大转运率,抽穗期粒叶比1.5左右可作为常规粳稻氮、磷、钾矿质养分高效再利用的品种选育与栽培调控指标。

关键词: 常规粳稻, 源库, 剪叶疏花, 粒叶比, 氮磷钾转运

Abstract: 【Objective】This study investigated how source-sink relationship manipulation could affect dry matter, non-structural carbohydrate, nitrogen (N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) nutrient translocation of rice after anthesis and clarify the SPP/LAPC that promotes nutrient efficient recycling in rice.【Method】Two japonica rice cultivars, Huaidao 5 and Ningjing 3 were field grown in 2013 and 2014. Leaf-cutting and spikelet-thinning treatments were made on single stems with 6 leaves and consistent flowering process to regulate source-sink relationship at heading stage, define the ratio of spikelets per panicle and leaf area per culm as SPP/LAPC, dry matter, non-structural carbohydrate(NSC), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium translocation rate (including leaf and stem-sheath) of two cultivars were measured in heading to harvesting period, so as to study the relationship between dry matter/NSC and nutrient translocation, and the relationship between SPP/LAPC and nutrient translocation of leaf and stem-sheath, respectively.【Result】Compared to the control(L0S0), leaf-cutting treatment significantly decreased filled-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight as SPP/LAPC increased significantly, Huaidao5 reduced 8.6%-10.5% and 19.0%-8.0%, respectively, Ningjing3 reduced 9.7%-20.4% and 5.7%-12.6%, respectively; whereas spikelet-thinning treatment significantly increased filled-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight as SPP/LAPC decreased significantly, Huaidao5 average increased 3.4%-6.7% and 1.2%-18.7% by an average, Ningjing3 increased 2.0%-4.3% and 6.9%-17.3% by an average. Percentage of ripened grains and 1000-ripened grain weight showed no significant difference between different spikelet-thinning treatments of the same variety, but differed in years. The 2014 rice season weather was more beneficial to grain filling, filled-grain rate, 1000-grain weight and their increasing range when compared with 2013. Leaf-cutting treatment increased dry matter, NSC and nutrient translocation rate of leaf and stem-sheath from heading to maturity, there were no significant difference between variety and year; whereas performance of indexes mentioned above in spikelets thinning treatments were just on the contrary, different varieties and different years showed no substantive differences, either. There were fundamental differences between leaves and stem-sheath in translocation of dry matter and NSC, transport rate of dry matter and NSC in leaves declined as spikelet thinning proportion increased, while matters mentioned above detained in stem-sheath on apparent. There was a curvilinear correlation(y=(a+bx)/x) between SPP/LAPC at heading stage(x) and dry matter, NSC and nutrient transport rate in leaves and stem-sheath after anthesis (y) with further analysis. Nutrient transport rate of leaves and stem-sheath increased significantly with the increase of SPP/LAPC. While the SPP/LAPC increased around 1.5, transport rate of dry matter, NSC and nutrient approximated to maximum, there were no obvious differences between Huaidao5 and Ningjing3.【Conclusion】A relatively high SPP/LAPC was beneficial to translocation of dry matter, NSC and nutrient in vegetative organs in rice after anthesis, there was a close curvilinear correlation between SPP/LAPC and matters mentioned above in vegetative organs in rice after anthesis, translocation rate reached a maximum when SPP/LAPC was 1.5. The critical SPP/LAPC around 1.5 can be used as the basis for variety breeding and cultivation regulation in mineral nutrients’ efficient reutilization of conventional japonica rice.

Key words: conventional japonica rice, source-sink, leaf cutting and spikelet thinning, spikelets per panicle/leaf area per culm;N/P/K translocation