γ-聚谷氨酸对西瓜穴盘苗基质性状及幼苗生长发育的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.S.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】穴盘育苗单株根系发育空间小，基质水肥适量稳定供应对于穴盘育苗壮苗培育至关重要。本研究的目的旨在明确基质添加γ-聚谷氨酸对西瓜穴盘苗基质养分供应及生长发育的改进效果。【方法】以草炭、蛭石和珍珠岩混合基质为育苗基质，以50孔穴盘为育苗容器，设置γ-聚谷氨酸在基质中添加量分别为0、1、3、5和10 kg·m^-3，研究γ-聚谷氨酸对西瓜穴盘苗基质理化、生物性状和幼苗生长发育的影响。【结果】添加γ-聚谷氨酸提高了育苗基质持水孔隙度、最大持水量和EC值，降低了pH。西瓜穴盘苗生长发育过程γ-聚谷氨酸促进了育苗基质氮、磷、钾和镁的供应能力，其中对基质氮供应的促进作用最大，成苗时基质中γ-聚谷氨酸添加量为3 kg·m^-3时，与对照相比，基质中铵态氮含量增加1.2倍，硝态氮含量增加2.6倍。γ-聚谷氨酸也显著提高了基质微生物活性、中性磷酸酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性。γ-聚谷氨酸施用于西瓜穴盘育苗，前期效果优于后期，并存在剂量效应。在幼苗生长发育前期γ-聚谷氨酸显著提高了西瓜穴盘苗叶片叶绿素含量，对根系活力没有产生显著影响，而高剂量γ-聚谷氨酸抑制了西瓜穴盘苗生长发育，特别是根系的生长。在幼苗生长发育后期，γ-聚谷氨酸显著提高了西瓜穴盘苗叶片叶绿素含量和根系活力，适宜剂量γ-聚谷氨酸显著促进了西瓜穴盘苗的生长发育，其中，在γ-聚谷氨酸添加量为3 kg·m^-3时，西瓜穴盘苗茎叶干重和叶面积达到峰值，与对照相比，分别增加22.6%和55.7%，在此添加剂量时西瓜穴盘苗的壮苗指数也较高，与对照相比增加11.8%。【结论】基质添加γ-聚谷氨酸可以有效改善育苗基质理化、生物学性质，从而促进西瓜穴盘苗生长发育。添加γ-聚谷氨酸能够提高育苗基质保水和保肥能力，综合基质理化性状和幼苗生长发育参数看，西瓜穴盘育苗γ-聚谷氨酸在基质中添加量为3 kg·m^-3较为合适。

关键词: 西瓜；穴盘苗；&gamma, -聚谷氨酸

Abstract: 【Objective】Plants grown in cells of plug tray often show limited growth due to low levels of water holding capacity and fertilizer conservation in the medium. Steady supply of water and fertilizer is critical to produce strong seedlings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of γ-poly glutamic acid on nutrient availability of substrate and plant growth and development of watermelon seedlings. 【Method】 Watermelon seedlings were growth in the 50 cell-plug trays, with the substrates containing peat moss, vermiculite and perlite as the growth medium. Different amount of γ-poly glutamic acid (0, 1, 3, 5, 10 kg·m^-3) were mixed with the substrates before sowing. Physicochemical and biological properties of substrates and growth parameters of watermelon plug seedlings were measured.【Result】By adding γ-poly glutamic acid, the watermelon seedling substrate showed increased water filled porosity, water holding capacity, EC value and decreased pH value. During watermelon plug seedlings development, available N, P, K, Mg in the substrates was enhanced. Of these nutrient elements N content in the substrate enhanced by γ-poly glutamic acid application was the most. The NH₄⁺-N and NO₃--N in the substrate was increased by 1.2 and 2.6 times respectively compared with the control when the seedling production was done. Microbial activity, neutral phosphatase activity and catalase activity were also increased significantly. The effects of γ-poly glutamic acid were better at the late growth stage than the early growth stage which depended on the amount of γ-poly glutamic acid. At the early growth stage adding γ-poly glutamic acid significantly increased the leaf chlorophyll content and had no significant effect on the root activity. High amount addition of γ-poly glutamic acid suppressed the growth and development of watermelon plug seedlings especially of the root growth. At the late growth stage adding γ-poly glutamic acid significantly increased the leaf chlorophyll content and the root activity. The optimum amount addition of γ-poly glutamic acid enhanced the growth and development of watermelon plug seedlings. The shoot biomass and leaf area got the biggest value under 3 kg·m^-3 γ-poly glutamic acid treatment which were increased by 22.6% and 55.7% respectively compared with that in the control. At this treatment seedling index got the higher value which was increased by 11.8% compared with that in the control.【Conclusion】The results indicated that γ-poly glutamic acid application can effectively improve the physicochemical and biological properties of substrates and enhance the growth and development of the watermelon seedlings. The water and fertilizer retention capacity of substrates was enhanced by γ-poly glutamic acid. The optimum amount of γ-poly glutamic acid was 3 kg·m^-3 based on the physical and chemical properties of substrates and the growth and development of watermelon seedlings.

Key words: watermelon, plug seedlings, γ-poly glutamic acid

褚群，董春娟，尚庆茂. γ-聚谷氨酸对西瓜穴盘苗基质性状及幼苗生长发育的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(S): 40-48.

CHU Qun, DONG Chun-juan, SHANG Qing-mao. Effects of γ-Poly Glutamic Acid on Mineral Nutrient Supply in Substrate and Growth and Development of Watermelon Plug Seedlings[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(S): 40-48.

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