可持续土壤管理：土壤学服务社会发展的挑战

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.23.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 国际土壤年唤醒了全社会对土壤变化的关注。地球环境与生命发育历史赋予了土壤自然资源资产价值，提供了生命和生态系统发育的多种服务，从而惠及全人类，支撑了社会的可持续性发展。全球土壤的这种支撑能力建立在“体-质-量”统一的土壤属性基础上。然而，在人类快速发展的驱动下，全球土壤已经或正在发生十分普遍和严重的土壤退化，土壤连续体遭到破坏，土壤功能严重削弱，且地表土壤覆盖被大面积固封。因此，必须充分认识土壤变化对于人类长远发展的潜在风险，着力构建可持续土壤管理体系，致力于保持土壤自然资产价值、平衡和最大化土壤的生态系统服务、优化兼顾农业安全（粮食安全-环境安全-生态安全）的土壤利用与保护。保持土壤自然资产、保持土壤的生态系统服务和保持土壤对全人类的惠利应该纳入生态文明的土壤观。而管控土壤变化势必成为可持续土壤管理的核心任务。这需要在政策上，推行生态补偿机制来处理利用者与受益者的利益关系；在行动上，实施区域土壤可持续管理工程，应对土壤变化；而在技术上，创新兼效多赢的管理实践措施，特别是有利于自然养育或恢复的土壤保护和培育技术。推进土壤可持续管理研究，探索可持续土壤管理途径，对于中国社会经济的可持续发展具有至关重要的意义。

关键词: 土壤资源, 生态系统服务, 人类惠利, 可持续管理, 土壤变化

Abstract: Critical concerns have been raised with the recognition of 2015 as an International Year of Soil. Global soil, as an end product of earth development over the geological epochs, conserves a natural capital from the natural resources, provided services for life well-being through its ecosystem functioning and delivers benefits for all people on the globe, thus sustaining the human society. However, these values of soil can only be viable with undestroyed soil pedon, soil quality and soil land cover in a global soil system. Yet, soil continuum is destroyed, soil functions are declined and soil land cover is sealed increasingly with the fast accelerating global soil degradation, driven by the rapid economic development. An integrated sustainable soil management (SSM) deserves to develop while public awareness of the great potential risks from these unprecedented soil changes is reached. Such an SSM will help to conserve natural capital, ecosystem functioning and human benefits, balancing soil value for agricultural production, environment protection and ecosystem conservation. Thus, conserving natural capital, ecosystem functioning and multiple benefits should be conceived as a new soil civilization, within particularly the framework of the eco-civilization proposed for China. Furthermore, a central foci of SSM will be to engineer soil changes. A national SSM will treat the interests trade between the land/soil users and beneficiaries through a policy mechanism of eco-subsidy, implement national and regional SSM projects proactively and develop technically innovative and multiple beneficial practices to recover degraded soil or conserve soil resilience, finally, researches to explore potential SSM approaches and technologies will be vital for social and economic sustainable development of China, facing very sharply soil changes and land cover changes.

Key words: natural capital, ecosystem services, human benefits, sustainable management, soil change

潘根兴，程琨，陆海飞，李恋卿，刘晓雨，卞荣军，张旭辉，郑聚峰，郑金伟. 可持续土壤管理：土壤学服务社会发展的挑战[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(23): 4607-4620.

PAN Gen-xing, CHENG Kun, LU Hai-fei, LI Lian-qing, LIU Xiao-yu, BIAN Rong-jun, ZHANG Xu-hui, ZHENG Ju-feng, ZHENG Jin-wei. Sustainable Soil Management: An Emerging Soil Science Challenge for Global Development[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(23): 4607-4620.

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