堆置与添加蛭石对污泥蚓粪培育茄子幼苗的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.23.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨堆置和添加蛭石处理对污泥蚓粪育苗基质有效氮磷钾含量、pH和电导率（EC）以及该基质对茄子幼苗生长发育的影响，为污泥蚓粪资源化利用提供理论依据。【方法】新鲜污泥蚓粪和堆置污泥蚓粪（堆置180 d）中分别添加不同量蛭石（体积比：蚓粪﹕蛭石=1﹕0，2﹕1，4﹕1，8﹕1）复配成育苗基质，以市售泥炭育苗基质为对照，共9个处理，通过大棚育苗方式培育茄子幼苗。【结果】污泥蚓粪基质比传统泥炭为主的基质更能促进茄子幼苗系统发育；新鲜污泥蚓粪基质和堆置污泥蚓粪基质都能够显著增大茄子幼苗的开展度、根表面积、根粗、根体积、茎叶干重、总干重、根冠比和壮苗指数，新鲜污泥蚓粪基质能够显著增加茄子幼苗的叶绿素，堆置污泥蚓粪基质能够显著增加茄子幼苗的根长；新鲜污泥蚓粪中添加不同量的蛭石对茄子幼苗茎叶生长的影响小于堆置污泥蚓粪，而对根系的影响大于堆置污泥蚓粪；堆置处理导致污泥蚓粪有效氮、有效磷和pH下降，而EC增大。新鲜污泥蚓粪和堆置污泥蚓粪中加入蛭石都导致有效氮磷钾含量和EC值下降，而pH增加，变化量随着蛭石用量的增大而增大。育苗后，污泥蚓粪基质的有效氮磷钾含量显著高于市售基质，而pH差异不显著。新鲜污泥蚓粪与蛭石按照2﹕1体积比、堆置污泥蚓粪与蛭石按照8﹕1的体积比混合最有利于增大茄子幼苗壮苗指数。【结论】污泥蚓粪可以作为育苗基质材料培育茄子幼苗，持续大量的有效矿质营养供应是污泥蚓粪促进茄子幼苗生长发育的重要原因。虽然污泥蚓粪堆置处理降低了有效氮磷含量、增加了EC值，但在保证幼苗质量前提下，从方便生产、提高蚓粪基质产品使用安全性的角度，在茄子育苗中推荐采用堆置后污泥蚓粪与蛭石按照8﹕1体积比混合的育苗基质。

关键词: 污泥蚓粪, 堆置, 蛭石, 育苗基质, 茄子幼苗

Abstract: 【Objective】 Sludge vermicompost contains large amounts of nutrients and bioactive substances, and it has the potential to be exploited as potting media. This paper aims to investigate the effects of the potting media produced by activated sludge vermicompost stacked and added vermiculite on eggplant seedlings development. The changes of the characteristics of the available NPK, pH and the electrical conductivity (EC) of the potting media were also studied. 【Method】 In this experiment, potting media were prepared by adding different amount of vermiculite (volume ratio: vermicompost﹕vermiculite =1﹕0, 2﹕1, 4﹕1, 8﹕1) to fresh sludge vermicompost and stacked sludge vermicompost (stacked for 180 days), and commercial peat potting medium was used as a control. Eggplant seedlings were cultivated in a greenhouse. 【Result】 The results showed that sludge vermicompost-based nursery media were better for eggplant seedling development compared with the traditional peat-based nursery media. Both fresh and stacked sludge vermicompost could significantly increase the evaluation indexes of eggplant seedlings, such as the leaf expanded ness, root surface area, root diameter, root volume, shoot dry weight, total dry weight, root/shoot ratio and the strong seedling index.The chlorophyll of eggplant seedlings increased significantly for growing in fresh vermicompost media, and the root length increased significantly for growing in stacked vermicompost media. The impact of fresh sludge vermicompost added with different amounts of vermiculite on eggplant shoot growth was less than stacked sludge vermicompost, while stacked vermicompost on root growth was more than fresh sludge vermicompost. To sludge vermicompost, stacking resulted the decrease in the available nitrogen, available phosphorus and the pH, while increased the EC. To the fresh and stacked sludge vermicompost, adding vermiculite decreased the available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and the EC while increased the pH, and the change scope elevated with the added vermiculite increased. After nursery, the contents of the available NPK in the sludge vermicompost media were significantly higher than that in commercially potting media, but no significant difference in pH changes. It was more conducive to the development of eggplant seedlings that the potting media made from the fresh sludge and vermiculite in the volume ratio of 2﹕1, and stacking sludge vermicompost and vermiculite in the volume ratio of 8﹕1. 【Conclusion】 In short, the sludge vermicompost could be used as raw material for potting media for eggplant seedling nursery. The important reasons for the sludge vermicompost promoted the eggplant seedling growth were continuing supply of a large amount of available mineral nutritious. Although the process of stacking sludge vermicompost reduced the available nitrogen, the available phosphorus, and increased the EC, in the eggplant nursery, from the points of the convenient production, costs reduction, ensuring the quality of seedlings, and improving the vermicompost media use security, the recommended potting medium should be made by stacked sludge vermicompost and vermiculite in accordance with the 8﹕1 of volume ratio.

Key words: sludge vermicompost, stacking, vermiculite, nursery medium, eggplant seedling

赵海涛，李天鹏，姚旭，赵雷明，洪启东，颜志俊，单玉华，封克. 堆置与添加蛭石对污泥蚓粪培育茄子幼苗的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(23): 4668-4679.

ZHAO Hai-tao, LI Tian-peng, YAO Xu, ZHAO Lei-ming, HONG Qi-dong, YAN Zhi-jun, SHAN Yu-hua, FENG Ke. Effects of the Potting Media Produced by Activated Sludge Vermicompost Stacked and Added Vermiculite on Eggplant Seedlings[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(23): 4668-4679.

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