稻纵卷叶螟在探照灯下的扑灯节律

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.22.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】明确稻纵卷叶螟（Cnaphalocrocis medinalis）在探照灯下的扑灯节律，指导稻纵卷叶螟的预测预报，明确探照灯在迁飞性害虫监测方面的优势并合理利用，为轨迹分析设定生物学参数提供数据支撑，合理设置亮灯时间，节约诱虫成本。【方法】2012年和2013年在广西兴安县应用时控开关控制的探照灯诱虫器对稻纵卷叶螟进行自动分时段诱集取样，6个灯时的取样时段依次为19:30—21:00、21:00—23:00、23:00—01:00、01:00—03:00、03:00—05:00和05:00—06:00，7个灯时的取样时段依次为19:30—21:00、21:00—22:30、22:30—00:00、00:00—01:30、01:30—03:00、03:00—04:30和04:30—06:00。5月下旬至6月上、中旬是稻纵卷叶螟的主迁入峰期，6月底本地稻纵卷叶螟开始迁出，7月上、中旬大量迁出。在不同的迁飞期分别选择探照灯上出现的突增高峰日作为迁飞高峰期，进行单个晚上扑灯节律分析。划定单个晚上的扑灯高峰时段，把每个时段的诱虫量分别与当晚的时段平均诱虫量进行比较，卡方检验诱虫量显著大于平均诱虫量的时段定为扑灯高峰时段。【结果】稻纵卷叶螟年度间扑灯量有所不同，但年度间种群动态变化趋势较一致，均以第3代和第4代的诱集量最多。稻纵卷叶螟两年的扑灯节律具有稳定性，不同的迁飞时期扑灯节律有所不同。迁飞个体的降落由于飞行力的差异和气象因素的影响而在迁飞途中陆续不断地发生，稻纵卷叶螟迁入峰期时后半夜扑灯高峰较多，一般一晚上会有两个扑灯高峰，以01:00—03:00和03:00—05:00时段出现扑灯高峰频次较高；迁出期和本地活动期扑灯高峰均主要集中在19:30—21:00和21:00—22:30时段。探照灯因能诱到高空至少500 m以内的昆虫种群，使得稻纵卷叶螟在探照灯下的扑灯节律与在传统诱虫灯下有所差别。稻纵卷叶螟多选择在日落后大规模起飞，23:00—01:00时段降落的种群飞行时间最短，飞行了3 h，05:00—06:00时段降落的种群飞行时间最长，飞行了10 h。在进行迁入虫源分析时，以具体到某一天的扑灯高峰时间为起始时间逆推至黄昏的起飞时刻，得出的虫源地分布可能会更加准确。【结论】稻纵卷叶螟在不同的迁飞时期扑灯节律有所不同，探照灯比传统诱虫灯得到的扑灯信息更全面，明确稻纵卷叶螟的扑灯节律可以为轨迹模拟提供更加准确的轨迹分析时间参数。

关键词: 稻纵卷叶螟, 探照灯诱虫器, 扑灯节律, 轨迹分析

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objectives of this study are to clarify the rhythm of rice leaf folder (RLF) (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) to the searchlight trap, provide reference on monitoring and forecasting of C. medinalis, confirm the superiority of searchlight trap on monitoring migrant pests, provide data supports for biological parameters setting of trajectory analysis, and to propose a reasonable and economical plan for cutting off lighting.【Method】C. medinalis was trapped at nights by searchlight traps with automatic time-switches in Xing’an County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2012 and 2013. The sampling times were 19:30-21:00, 21:00-23:00, 23:00-01:00, 01:00-03:00, 03:00-05:00, 05:00-06:00 with 6 lights, and 19:30-21:00, 21:00-22:30, 22:30-00:00, 00:00-01:30, 01:30-03:00, 03:00-04:30, 04:30-06:00 with 7 lights. The last ten days of May to the middle ten days of June were immigrant periods of C. medinalis. The end of June to the middle ten days of July were emigrant periods of C. medinalis. During different migrant periods, the days of C. medinalis amount suddenly increase were analyzed. The peak time to the searchlight trap was determined with Chi-square statistical analysis between single interval catch numbers and average interval catch numbers.【Result】The annual trapped amount of C. medinalis in 2012 and 2013 was different, but both of years had similar population dynamics with the most trapped amount of C. medinalis at 3rd generation and 4th generation. Stable rhythm of C. medinalis to the searchlight trap was obtained, but that was different in different migrant periods. Landing of migrant population occurred continually as a result of different flight abilities and atmosphere factors. For immigrant C. medinalis in 2012 and 2013, the peak time to the searchlight trap appeared mostly after mid-night, mainly during 01:00-03:00 and 03:00-05:00. Whereas, for emigrant and local C. medinalis, the peak time to the searchlight trap appeared mainly during 19:30-21:00 and 21:00-22:30. The rhythm of C. medinalis to the lights based on using searchlight trap was different from that using traditional light traps because the former can trap insects at least 500 m above ground level. C. medinalis usually took off in a large scale after sunset, the populations with shortest flight duration and longest flight duration landed during 23:00-01:00 and 05:00-06:00, respectively, and they flied for 3 h and 10 h, respectively. The source areas of C. medinalis would be more precise during trajectory analysis with the consideration of peak time to the searchlight trap.【Conclusion】The rhythm of C. medinalis to the searchlight trap was different in different migrant periods. The information of rhythm to the searchlight trap was more comprehensive than that to the traditional light traps. Considering rhythm to the searchlight trap will provide more precise time parameters for trajectory analysis.

Key words: rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), searchlight trap, rhythm to the lights, trajectory analysis

齐会会，张云慧，王健，彭赫，张智，程登发. 稻纵卷叶螟在探照灯下的扑灯节律[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(22): 4436-4444.

QI Hui-hui, ZHANG Yun-hui, WANG Jian, PENG He, ZHANG Zhi, CHENG Deng-fa. Rhythm of Rice Leaf Folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) to the Searchlight Trap[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(22): 4436-4444.

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