TALENs：植物基因组定点剪辑的分子剪

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.14.001

中国农业科学 ›› 2012, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (14): 2787-2792.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.14.001

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 下一篇

TALENs：植物基因组定点剪辑的分子剪

赵开军, 杨兵

1.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物遗传育种重点实验室/农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程，北京 100081，中国
2.美国爱荷华州立大学遗传发育和细胞生物学系，爱荷华州 50011，美国

收稿日期:2012-05-28 出版日期:2012-07-15 发布日期:2012-06-15
通讯作者: 赵开军，E-mail：zhaokj@mail.caas.net.cn。杨兵，E-mail：byang@iastate.edu
作者简介:赵开军，E-mail：zhaokj@mail.caas.net.cn。杨兵，E-mail：byang@iastate.edu
基金资助:
国家转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项（2011ZX08001-002）

TALENs: Molecular Scissors for Site-specific Genome Editing in Plants

ZHAO Kai-Jun, YANG Bing

1.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物遗传育种重点实验室/农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程，北京 100081，中国
2.美国爱荷华州立大学遗传发育和细胞生物学系，爱荷华州 50011，美国

Received:2012-05-28 Online:2012-07-15 Published:2012-06-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着高通量DNA测序技术的发展，获取生物全基因组序列已不再困难。结构基因组学和功能基因组学的巨大进展，使人类全面解码生物基因组的梦想正在逐步实现。接下来的问题是：如何按照人们的意愿对生物基因组进行定点改造？科学家早在1988年就开始探索植物基因组的定点改造技术，但进展十分缓慢。2009年，关于黄单胞菌效应子蛋白TAL effector与寄主靶基因DNA特异性识别分子密码的破解，使植物基因组定点改造呈现出新的曙光，目前已研发出可以对生物基因组进行定点剪辑的新技术——TALENs（TAL effector nucleases）。由于TAL effector识别DNA碱基的模式具有高度的专一性，而且可以简便地组装出特异性结合任意DNA序列的模块化蛋白，因此，TALENs成为目前最有发展前景的基因组修饰技术。本文综述了TALENs研发的背景、结构、工作原理和技术特点，重点介绍了利用TALENs定点改造植物基因组的一般策略和技术方案，最后对TALENs定点改造植物基因组的应用前景进行了讨论。

关键词: TALENs, 基因组定点剪辑, TAL效应子, 植物遗传改良

Abstract: TALENs (transcription activator-like effector nucleases) are fusion proteins of truncated or full-length TAL effectors with the DNA cleavage domain of the restriction enzyme FokⅠ. Years’ study on the biology of TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors from Xanthomonas bacteria has led to the deciphering of DNA recognition code for TAL effectors, i.e., one of multiple 34-amino acid repeats in the central region of TAL effector preferentially recognizes one nucleotide of lengthy target DNA. With such “code” novel TALENs can be designed and engineered to target chromosomal DNA sequence for genetic modification in eukaryotes. Indeed, TALENs have been used to precisely modify genes or gene functions in yeast, plant, animal and even human pluripotent stem cells, holding the promise in its application to both basic and applied researches. This review highlights some aspects of methodologies as well as specifically the applications and prospects of TALENs in plant functional genomics and crop improvement.

Key words: TALENs, site-specific genome editing, TAL effector, plant genetic improvement

赵开军, 杨兵. TALENs：植物基因组定点剪辑的分子剪[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(14): 2787-2792.

ZHAO Kai-Jun, YANG Bing. TALENs: Molecular Scissors for Site-specific Genome Editing in Plants[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(14): 2787-2792.

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TALENs：植物基因组定点剪辑的分子剪

TALENs: Molecular Scissors for Site-specific Genome Editing in Plants

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