基于细胞色素b基因序列的中国牛亚科家畜系统发育关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.19.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨中国牛亚科家畜物种间的系统发育关系，为牛亚科家畜的系统演化历史提供分子证据。【方法】采用PCR产物直接双向测序法，获得普通牛、瘤牛、牦牛、大额牛、沼泽型亚洲水牛和河流型亚洲水牛共6个物种的线粒体DNA Cyt b基因全长序列，运用分子进化软件分析物种间的系统发育关系。【结果】6个牛种的Cyt b基因序列长度均为1 140 bp，没有观察到插入/缺失突变，共检测到220个变异位点，包含213个简约信息位点；Cyt b基因序列变异中转换数明显高于颠换数，转换数和颠换数的比值为5.2，突变没有达到饱和状态。由遗传距离可知，普通牛与瘤牛的亲缘关系最近，而它们与大额牛、牦牛、沼泽型亚洲水牛、河流型亚洲水牛的亲缘关系依次逐渐疏远。牛亚科家畜6个物种分布于4个主要的单系群分支，可划归为家牛属、牦牛属、准野牛属和水牛属；牛种间的分歧时间在0.775—6.43 MYA，亚洲水牛与其它牛种间的分歧时间最长，普通牛与瘤牛的分歧时间最短。大额牛和印度野牛的单系性都没有得到显现，大额牛和印度野牛在线粒体DNA水平上不能清晰地相互区分。【结论】中国牛亚科6个牛种划分为4个分支，分别对应于家牛属、牦牛属、准野牛属和水牛属，家牛属与准野牛属、牦牛属、水牛属的亲缘关系逐渐疏远；6个牛种间的进化分歧时间在0.775—6.43 MYA。大额牛与印度野牛的亲缘关系非常近，两者在较早的世代具有共同的母系起源；不支持大额牛是印度野牛的家养型或驯化种的观点，它们有可能都是现已灭绝的某种野生牛的后代。

关键词:

牛亚科家畜, 细胞色素b基因, 系统发育, 分歧时间

Abstract: 【Objective】This study was designed to analyze the phylogenetic relationships among domestic Chinese Bovinae species and provide molecular evidence for phylogenetic evolvement.【Method】The complete sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from six bovine species, including Bos taurus, Bos indicus, Bos grunniens, Bos frontalis, Bubalus bubalis (swamp buffalo) and Bos bubalis (river buffalo), were obtained by PCR and standard double-strand DNA sequencing method. The phylogenetic relationships among different bovine species were analyzed through molecular evolution software.【Result】The complete sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from six bovine species were all 1 140 bp in length. No insert and deletion mutation was observed. Total 220 variation sites were tested including 213 parsimony informative sites. The number of transition was higher than transversion and the ratio was 5.2, suggesting that the mutation was not saturation. Genetic distances showed that Bos taurus and Bos indicus possessed the most close relationship and the relationships between Bos grunniens, Bos frontalis, swamp water buffalo, river water buffalo and them deduced in turn gradually. Six bovine species distributed four main monophyletic branches and could be divided into Bos, Poephagus, Bibos, Bubalus, respectively. Divergency times among bovine species were between 0.775-6.43 MYA. The longest divergency time was between Asian water buffalo and other bovine species. The shortest divergency time was between Bos taurus and Bos indicus. The monophyletic relationship was not emerged between Bos frontalis and Bos gaurus, Bos frontalis and Bos gaurus did not differentiated clearly on mitochondrial DNA.【Conclusion】Six domestic Chinese Bovinae species could be divided into four branches corresponding to Bos, Poephagus, Bibos and Bubalus, respectively. The relationships between Bos and Poephagus, Bibos, Bubalus deduced in turn gradually. Divergency times among six bovine species were between 0.775-6.43 MYA. There was very close relationship between Bos frontalis and Bos gaurus, which showed that they might share the same maternal origin in an anterior time. The results did not support the opinion that Bos frontalis might be the domesticated form of Bos gaurus, Bos frontalis and Bos gaurus might be the progeny of a kind of extinct wild bovine species.

Key words:

domestic bovinae species, cytochrome b gene, phylogeny, divergency time

耿荣庆, 王兰萍, 冀德君, 常洪, 李永红, 常春芳. 基于细胞色素b基因序列的中国牛亚科家畜系统发育关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(19): 4081-4087.

GENG Rong-Qing, WANG Lan-Ping, JI De-Jun, CHANG Hong, LI Yong-Hong, CHANG Chun-Fang. Phylogenetic Relationships Among Domestic Chinese Bovinae Species Based on Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene Sequences[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(19): 4081-4087.

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https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2011/V44/I19/4081

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