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1. 丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂LmSPN2和LmSPN3通过Toll信号通路共同调控飞蝗胚胎滞育
FENG Shi-qian, ZHANG Neng, CHEN Jun, ZHANG Dao-gang, ZHU Kai-hui, CAI Ni, TU Xiong-bing, ZHANG Ze-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (12): 3720-3730.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.019
摘要149)      PDF    收藏

飞蝗雌成虫可以感知季节性光周期的变化,从而诱导胚胎滞育,并以此作为越冬的关键策略。丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因(SPNs)在滞育诱导中发挥重要作用,但只有少数SPNs基因得到了功能验证。LmSPN2在滞育和非滞育卵之间差异表达,然而其生物学功能仍需进一步探究。因此,我们首先对LmSPN2进行了RNAi敲降,结果表明滞育率显著降低了29.7%。使用酵母双杂交、免疫共沉淀和pull-down等技术,我们验证了LmSPN2与LmSPN3之间存在相互作用,且作用位点为LmSPN2的331位谷氨酸。LmSPN3RNAi敲降会使滞育率增加14.6%,表明LmSPN2LmSPN3在滞育调控上具有相反的功能。两个SPN基因的双重敲降导致滞育率降低了26.4%,表明LmSPN2是主导的调节信号。此外,我们发现敲降LmSPN2后,四个Toll通路基因(easterspätzlepelledorsal)显著上调,而敲降LmSPN3后则下调,因此我们推测这两个SPN基因通过Toll通路调节滞育过程。综上LmSPN2对蝗虫卵滞育具有正调控作用,而LmSPN3作用相反,二者通过LmSPN2的331位谷氨酸进行互作,并通过Toll通路影响飞蝗滞育。这种滞育调控机制扩展了我们对昆虫发育调控的理解,并为研发新的蝗虫防控策略的提供了新方向。

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2. JIA-2021-1855 真菌生物农药持续控制苜蓿害虫提升饲草品质研究
PAN Fan, GAO Li-jie, ZHU Kai-hui, DU Gui-lin, ZHU Meng-meng, ZHAO Li, GAO Yu-lin, TU Xiong-bing, ZHANG Ze-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (1): 185-194.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.070
摘要229)      PDF    收藏

探究真菌生物农药、化学农药对苜蓿主要害虫(蚜虫、蓟马)防治效果以及对苜蓿干草生产及品质的影响。在我国苜蓿主栽区河北省、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区分别选取典型试验点,采用五点取样法、高效液相色谱法以及近红外线检测法分别测定了真菌生物农药及化学农药对蚜虫、蓟马的防治效果,农药残留程度以及苜蓿干草酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、蛋白质、相对饲喂价值等品质指标。化学农药在短时间内对蚜虫和蓟马的防治效果显著优于真菌生物农药,真菌生物农药的持效期显著高于化学农药,施药后14天各地区的蚜虫校正死亡率均在50%以上。农药残留分析表明,各类药剂安全间隔期后的残留剂量均在允许范围之内。在河北地区,真菌生物农药处理后的苜蓿干草中酸性洗涤纤维以及中性洗涤纤维的含量显著低于化学药剂处理,蛋白质含量高于化学药剂处理。各处理中,绿僵菌处理下苜蓿干草相对饲喂价值最高。在产量方面,各地区真菌生物农药处理下的苜蓿干草产量高于化学农药处理。在苜蓿防治过程中可采用真菌生物农药+化学农药混用的防治模式,既可以在短时间内对苜蓿虫害防治起到较好的防治效果,又可以提高苜蓿干草产量、相对饲喂价值,降低农药使用安全风险。该研究探究了真菌生物农药以及化学农药对蚜虫、蓟马的防治效果以及不同农药处理下农药残留程度以及苜蓿干草品质及产量的变化,为探索不同区域苜蓿害虫综合防控模式、减施化学农药、提升饲草品质提供了较为全面的数据支撑。

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3. JIA-2022-0619
LI Shuang, FENG Shi-qian, Hidayat ULLAH, TU Xiong-bing, ZHANG Ze-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (12): 3467-3487.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.09.017
摘要355)      PDF    收藏

蝗虫在人类历史上造成了周期性的灾难。到目前为止,蝗灾仍然是农业生产的重大威胁。沙漠蝗Schistocerca gregaria是危害最大的蝗虫之一,2020年非洲沙漠蝗灾害造成了巨大的经济损失,多个国家和地区宣布进入紧急状态。沙漠蝗是一种迁徙性害虫,在热带和亚热带地区发生,随季风在非洲大陆和西亚进行往复迁飞。沙漠蝗食性杂、危害重,一旦大面积暴发,将对农作物造成毁灭性灾难,严重威胁粮食安全。前期对沙漠蝗的生物学特性、生态学规律及其综合管理进行了很多报道,这篇综述旨在总结沙漠蝗的生物学特性、分布及其危害,从生物防治、生态治理等多个角度综述了沙漠蝗综合治理的最新策略,并对下一步沙漠蝗监测和防治工作提出了建议。

 

本文追溯了沙漠蝗起源及其分类地位,它是不完全变态昆虫,包括卵、蝗蝻和成虫3个发育阶段。沙漠蝗还具备远距离迁飞能力,每年可以繁殖14代,并且可从散居型转变为群居型。同时,沙漠蝗是一种杂食性昆虫,可取食禾本科、大戟科、玉米科、苋科等300多种植物,对农作物造成严重威胁,在北非、中非及西亚等65个国家均发生过沙漠蝗为害。植物挥发物可以影响沙漠蝗的行为,包括摄食、发育、休息、迁徙及生殖等。气候因素可能是影响沙漠蝗暴发的主要原因,包括温度、光照、降雨、风等,土壤因子也是沙漠蝗栖息的重要因子。沙漠蝗天敌包括捕食性天敌(鸡、鸭、鸟类等)和寄生性天敌(寄生蝇、寄生蜂等)。除直接经济损失外,沙漠蝗灾害还造成了严重的社会影响。

 

尽早发现和掌握沙漠蝗种群动态,对蝗灾治理具有重要意义。许多国家在沙漠蝗监测和预警方面做了大量工作。关于沙漠蝗防治的报道始于1860年。1921年,Uvarov提出了沙漠蝗预防和控制策略,为制定沙漠蝗综合治理策略奠定了重要基础。经过近100年的发展,现阶段初步形成了沙漠蝗综合治理策略,也就是化学防治、生物防治(信息素、微生物制剂、植物源药剂、昆虫生态调节剂、分子及遗传控制等)、生态治理(农业措施等)等多种措施的协同控制策略。本文还分析了现阶段沙漠蝗治理中存在的问题,明确了沙漠蝗治理的发展方向。



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4.
Identification of diapause-associated proteins in migratory locust, Locusta migratoria L. (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) by label-free quantification analysis
CUI Dong-nan, TU Xiong-bing, HAO Kun, Aftab Raza, CHEN Jun, Mark McNeill, ZHANG Ze-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (11): 2579-2588.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62607-9
摘要111)      PDF    收藏
Maternal photoperiodic response is a key factor that affects offspring diapause in migratory locust, Locusta migratoria L. (Orthoptera: Acridoidea).  Although many aspects of insect diapause have been studied, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of maternal photoperiodic response that influence diapause regulation.  To gain insight into the possible mechanisms of maternal photoperiod influence on diapause regulation, proteomics data by label-free quantification analysis were generated from non-diapause and diapause eggs.  A total of 175 proteins were differentially expressed between diapause and non-diapause eggs.  Among them, 24 proteins were upregulated, and 151 proteins were downregulated.  Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichments were performed on all differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and showed that peroxisome, insect hormone biosynthesis, and longevity regulating pathway may be related to diapause of migratory locust.  Furthermore, we used qRT-PCR to verify some results of the proteomic analysis.  Proteins such as hexamerin-like protein 4, juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase 1
(JHEH1), cytochrome P450 and heat shock protein (HSP) 20.7 were predicted to be involved in diapause.  This study provides an important reference for future research that will explore the mechanisms of diapause induced by maternal effects in migratory locust.
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5. Including predator presence in a refined model for assessing resistance of alfalfa cultivar to aphids
TU Xiong-bing, FAN Yao-li, Mark McNeill, ZHANG Ze-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (2): 397-405.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61708-8
摘要691)      PDF    收藏
The aphid quantity ratio (AQR) is defined as the number of aphids on each cultivar divided by the number of aphids on all cultivars.  AQR is based on the correlation between aphid populations and their host plants and is an important tool that has been utilized in evaluating Medicago sativa (alfalfa) cultivar resistance to aphids.  However, assessment of alfalfa resistance to aphids can be confused by the presence of aphid predators, causing the assessment of plant resistance to aphids to be based on incorrect aphid population data.  To refine the AQR and account for the effect of predators on aphid population assessments, we introduced a parameter ‘α’, corresponding to the predator quantity ratio, and used αAQR as the ratio to quantify aphid populations.  Populations of both aphids (4 species) and their predators (12 species) occurring in 28 M. sativa cultivars were sampled over two years at a research station near Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China.  Results showed that the most suitable evaluation period was from May to June, as the aphid population was stable during this period.  Compared with the AQR method, the predator population numbers based on the αAQR had a significant inverse relationship with aphid population numbers and the 28 cultivars were clustered into three classes: the resistant class, tolerant class, and susceptible class.  In addition, 17 cultivars were reassigned when evaluated using αAQR.  All numerical values calculated by αAQR were displayed as a Gaussian distribution, which showed that the 28 cultivars could be clustered into nine groups using a median value (±SE) of 1±0.1.  Hence, ongoing alfalfa breeding trials will be assessed using the αAQR to establish a robust system that includes agronomic performance parameters in order to generalize the new method for further studies.
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6. Transcriptome approach to understand the potential mechanisms of resistant and susceptible alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars in response to aphid feeding
TU Xiong-bing, ZHAO Hai-long, ZHANG Ze-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (11): 2518-2527.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61843-4
摘要393)      PDF    收藏
Plant breeding for resistance to agricultural pests is an essential element in the development of integrated crop management systems, however, the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying resistance are poorly understood.  In this pilot study, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of a resistant (R) and susceptible (S) variety of alfalfa, with (+A) or without (–A) aphids (totally four treatments).  We used the resistant cultivar Zhongmu 1 and the susceptible cultivar Soca.  A total of 3 549 mRNAs were differentially expressed, of which 1 738 up-regulated and 1 307 down-regulated genes were identified in S+A/S–A plants, while 543 up-regulated and 331 down-regulated genes were identified in the R+A/R–A plants.  KEGG analysis mapped 112 and 546 differentially expressed genes to 8 and 17 substantially enriched pathways for Zhongmu 1 and Soca, respectively.  Six shared pathways were linked to plant resistance traits, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis associated with salicylic acid synthesis, and linoleic acid metabolism associated with both jasmonic acid and flavonoid biosynthesis.  Ultimately, we proposed a preliminary regulatory mechanism of alfalfa cultivar resistance response to aphids feeding based on transcriptome analyses and published documents.
 
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7. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of Locusta migratoria eggs at different embryonic stages: Comparison for diapause and non-diapause regimes
HAO Kun, WANG Jie, TU Xiong-bing, Douglas W. Whitman, ZHANG Ze-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (08): 1777-1788.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61529-0
摘要872)      PDF    收藏
Temperate-zone insects typically survive winter by entering diapause. Although many aspects of insect diapause have been studied, the underlying molecular mechanism of insect diapause is not well understood. Here we report the results of the transcriptional and translational differences of migratory locust eggs at different embryonic states using diapause (low temperature) and non-diapause (high temperature) regimes. Compared with non-diapause eggs at 100 degree-days (N2) treatment, 29 671 transcripts and 296 proteins were differentially expressed at the diapause maintenance stage (D2).While compared with 150 degree-days (N3) treatment, 45 922 transcripts and 404 proteins were differentially expressed in the post-diapause stage (D3). Among them, 51 and 102 transcripts had concurrent transcription and translation profiles in D2 vs. N2 and D3 vs. N3 treatments, respectively. Analysis of Gene Ontology categorized these genes and proteins into three categories: biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. Biological pathway analysis indicated that three pathways: (1) insect hormone biosynthesis (KEGG: Map 00981), (2) the insulin signaling pathway (KEGG: Map 04910), and (3) the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway (KEGG: Map 03320) play an important role in locust diapause regulation. Most of these transcripts and proteins were up-regulated in the diapause treatments, and were highly linked to juvenile hormone biosynthesis, insulin and PPAR signaling pathways, suggesting these three pathways may be involved in diapause and development regulation. This study demonstrates the applicability of high-throughput omics tools to identify biochemical pathways linked to diapause in locust egg development. In addition, it reveals that cellular metabolism in diapause eggs is more inactive than in non-diapause eggs, and most of the down-regulated enzymes and pathways are related to reduce energy loss.
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8. Improving a method for evaluating alfalfa cultivar resistance to thrips
TU Xiong-bing, FAN Yao-li, JI Ming-shan, LIU Zhong-kuan, XIE Nan, LIU Zhen-yu, ZHANG Ze-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (3): 600-607.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61197-2
摘要1972)      PDF    收藏
The thrips quantity ratio (TQR) model is an important tool for evaluating crop resistance to thrips based on the correlation between thrips quantities and cultivars. Unfortunately, it is inaccurate, and the results appear significantly inconsistent when analysing the same cultivars in the same field study. To improve this model, we first studied the resistance of 28 alfalfa cultivars to thrips in Cangzhou, Hebei Province, north China. The results showed that the most suitable evaluation period was from May to June, as the thrips population was stable during this period. Second, we found that the natural enemy population was significantly positively correlated with the thrips population density (R=0.7275, P<0.0001), which might influence resistance estimation. Hence, we introduced a parameter ‘α’, corresponding to the natural enemy quantity ratio, to eliminate the effect of the natural enemy using “αTQR”. Using the improved method, 28 cultivars were clustered into three classes: the resistant class, sensitive class, and median class. All numerical values were calculated for αTQR displayed as a Gaussian distribution. This information showed that all data should be divided into nine groups using a median value of 1±0.1 with an equal difference of 0.1. Based on the new standard cultivars, Gongnong 1, Alfaking, Cangzhou and Algonquin were classified as highly resistant cultivars; Zhongmu 3, Gongnong 2, Zhongmu 1 and Zhongmu 2 were classified in the resistant group; Queen was classified in the moderately resistant group; Derby, WL354HQ, KRIMA, Apex, 53HR, SARDI 5 and Farmers Treasure were classified in the median class; WL319HQ, WL343HQ and Sitel were classified as the low sensitive group; WL440HQ and SARDI 7 as the moderately sensitive group; WL168HQ and Sanditi as the sensitive group; and SARDI 10, WL363HQ, FD4, WL323 and SOCA as the highly sensitive group.
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9. Effects of Glutamate and Na+ on the Development and Enzyme Activity of the Oriental Migratory Locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen) in Successive Generations
ZHAO Xia, JIA Miao, WANG Lei, CAO Guang-chun , ZHANG Ze-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (4): 819-826.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60516-X
摘要1755)      PDF    收藏
Rapid and mass rearing of Locusta migratoria manilensis is an urgent need to meet the increasing demand for food of people. In this study, the effects of four artificial feeds on the development, reproduction and the activities of detoxification and protective enzymes of L. migratoria manilensis in three successive generations were investigated. The results showed that sucrose and monosodium glutamate (MSG) significantly increased the net reproductive rate (R0) and the intrinsic growth rate (rm) of L. migratoria manilensis, but sodium chloride (0.17%) suppressed this increase. Furthermore, the artificial feed with sucrose and monosodium glutamate increased the activities of esterase (EST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione-Stransferase (GST), multi-function oxidase (MFO), phenol oxidase (PO), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), but inhibited the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). However, sodium chloride (0.17%) increased the activities of EST, AChE, CAT and SOD, and inhibited the activities of MFO, GST, PO and POD. Correlation analysis found that the increasing of PO activity and the decreasing of SOD activities were significantly related with the increasing of the intrinsic growth rate (rm). The above results indicated that sucrose and monosodium glutamate could promote the development and reproduction of L. migratoria manilensis, but Na+ inhibit such promotion with the concentration above 0.2%. The activities of PO and SOD can be used as biochemical standard to assess the effect of artificial feed.
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