氟吡呋喃酮是蔬菜安全生产过程中防治烟粉虱的新型高效杀虫剂。本研究分别利用田间采集的氟吡呋喃酮抗性种群WH-R（抗性水平约199倍）和室内筛选氟吡呋喃酮抗性种群FLU-SEL（抗性水平约124倍）对抗性遗传方式及相关适合度代价进行了阐明。利用室内敏感种群MED-S分别与WH-R和FLU-SEL开展正反交试验，分别获得MED-S与WH-R的后代F_1A、F_1B、F₁以及MED-S与FLU-SEL的后代F_1C、F_1D、F₁'。室内毒理测定试验发现WH-R对氟吡呋喃酮的抗性是常染色体，不完全显性遗传；同时发现FLU-SEL对氟吡呋喃酮的抗性是常染色体，不完全隐形遗传。通过对MED-S、WH-R和FLU-SEL的适合度进行评价发现，WH-R和FLU-SEL在生长发育过程中均存在显著适合度代价。相比于MED-S，WH-R和FLU-SEL的相对适合度为0.50和0.65，并均表现出发育历期延长、卵孵化率下降、若虫和伪蛹期存活率降低；此外，WH-R的成虫产卵量显著下降。本研究相关结果表明抗性相关适合度代价有利于延缓田间烟粉虱对氟吡呋喃酮的抗性进化，并对田间烟粉虱治理策略的制订提供理论支持。

昆虫嗅觉系统在其寻找寄主、交配和产卵等行为中发挥重要作用。气味结合蛋白（OBPs）参与化学信息素的识别，OBPs识别结合气味分子并将其运送至嗅觉神经元上的气味受体。异色瓢虫（鞘翅目：瓢甲科）作为重要的生防天敌被广泛用于防治多种农林业害虫。本研究中，从异色瓢虫成虫触角和整虫转录组中共鉴定到19个OBP基因，所有OBP基因均具有全长开放阅读框，其编码蛋白中11个属于‘Classic’OBPs，7 个属于‘Minus-C’OBPs ，1 个属于‘Plus-C’OBP。它们编码125-241个氨基酸，相对分子量为13.74KDa-27.75 KDa，等电点范围为4.15-8.80。利用系统发育分析研究了异色瓢虫气味结合蛋白与其他鞘翅目昆虫气味结合蛋白的关系。荧光定量PCR结果表明HaxyOBP2，3，5，8，10，12，13，14和15在雌雄成虫触角中高表达；其中HaxyOBP2，3，5，12和15在触角中的表达量显著高于其他组织，HaxyOBP13和HaxyOBP14在触角和头部的表达量相当，而其他基因在胸、腹、足和翅等非嗅觉组织中高表达。本研究结果为进一步探究异色瓢虫嗅觉系统提供了有价值信息，并将增强异色瓢虫作为生防天敌的应用效果。

The Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) cryptic species complex comprises important insect pests that cause devastating damage to agricultural crops worldwide.  In China, the B. tabaci Mediterranean (MED) (or biotype Q) species is threatening agricultural production all over the country as resistance to commonly used insecticides has increased.  This situation highlights the need for alternative pest control measures.  Cyantraniliprole, a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide, has been widely employed to control Hemipteran pests.  To monitor the levels of resistance to cyantraniliprole in B. tabaci field populations in China, bioassays were conducted for 18 field samples from nine provinces over two years.  Compared with median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) for the MED susceptible strain, all field samples had significantly higher resistance to cyantraniliprole.  Furthermore, resistance factors (RFs) increased significantly in samples from Shanxi (from 5.62 in 2015 to 25.81 in 2016), Hunan (3.30 in 2015 to 20.97 in 2016) and Hubei (from 9.81 in 2015 to 23.91 in 2016) provinces.  This study indicates a considerable decrease in the efficacy of cyantraniliprole against B. tabaci and establishes a baseline of susceptibility that could serve as a reference for future monitoring and management of B. tabaci resistance to cyantraniliprole.

Four strains of the Q biotype and one of the B biotype of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci collected from China were characterised for resistance to four neonicotinoid insecticides and pymetrozine. Q biotype strains showed moderate to strong resistance to imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid, but little or no cross-resistance to dinotefuron. Resistance to neonicotinoids was consistently associated with resistance to pymetrozine, despite the latter having a distinct (though unresolved) mode of action. The single B biotype strain proved largely susceptible to all the insecticides investigated. Resistance in the Q biotype strains was associated with over-expression of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene, CYP6CM1, whose substrate specificity presumably accounts for the observed cross-resistance profiles.

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci are considered as a taxonomically complex that contained some destructive pests. Two of the most prevalent cryptic species are B. tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED). In an extensive field survey of the B. tabaci complex present throughout part of China from 2004 to 2007, we obtained 93 samples of B. tabaci from 22 provinces. We determined that these Chinese haplotypes included 2 invasive species (MEAM1 and MED), and 4 indigenous cryptic species (Asia II 1, Asia II 3, China 3 and Asia II 7) by sequencing mitochondrial cytochrome oxidose one gene (mtCOI). The diversity and genetic differentiation of a subset of 19 populations of B. tabaci were studied using cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Prior to 2007, MEAM1 was a dominant species in many provinces in China. By 2007, MED was dominant in 11 provinces. Both invasive and indigenous species were simultaneously found in some regions. Indigenous species of B. tabaci were found in six provinces in southern China. MED and MEAM1 have broad ranges of host plants, and indigenous species appeared to have much narrower host ranges. All Asia II 3 samples were found on cotton except one on aubergine. China 3 has more host plants than Asia II 3. Twelve samples of China 3 were collected from sweet potato, Japanese hop, squash and cotton. A total of 677 reproducible bands amplified with 5 AFLP primer combinations were obtained. The highest proportion of polymorphic bands was 98.7% and the lowest was 91.9%. Unweighted pair-group method analysis indicated that the clustering was independent of the different species. MED showed the lowest degree of similarity than the other species. The data indicate that both MEAM1and MED were rapidly established in China.