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1. 细胞壁降解酶基因PECTINESTERASE的可变剪接影响葡萄采后软化进程
Hainan Liu, Maosong Pei, Charles Ampomah-Dwamena, Yaxin Shang, Yihe Yu, Tonglu Wei, Qiaofang Shi, Dalong Guo
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (3): 863-875.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.11.023
摘要170)      PDF    收藏

果实硬度是鲜食葡萄最重要的品质性状之一,但果实采后软化分子机制尚不完全清楚。为进一步解析采后软化调控机制,我们对采后巨峰葡萄进行叶酸(Folic AcidFA)处理(以水处理为对照,CK),通过比较各处理组间果实的转录组数据,筛选出差异表达基因(Differentially Expressed GenesDEGs),并鉴定采后软化相关可变剪接(Alternative splicingAS)事件及相关差异表达基因。共鉴定出2559个差异表达基因,根据表达模式将其分为四个亚簇,其中亚簇4中的差异表达基因在CK组中高表达。FACK处理组果实中特异性AS相关基因数分别为1045个和1042个。GO注释结果表明,CK处理组果实中的AS相关基因主要富集在细胞壁代谢过程中,尤其是细胞壁降解过程。通过比较AS相关基因与亚簇4的差异表达基因,筛选出了8个发生AS事件的差异表达基因,其中包括一个编码细胞壁降解酶的基因(果胶酯酶2VvPE2Vitvi15g00704),分析结果显示该基因可能发生了A3SS事件。RT-PCR进一步证实在FA处理组的葡萄果实中存在较高比例的VvPE2的截短转录本变体。本研究运用转录组测序技术分析葡萄采后果实的AS事件,并结合实验验证进一步明确细胞壁降解酶基因的AS事件在葡萄采后果实软化调控中发挥了重要作用。

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2.

The metabolomics variations among rice, brown rice, wet germinated brown rice, and processed wet germinated brown rice

REN Chuan-ying, LU Shu-wen, GUAN Li-jun, HONG Bin, ZHANG Ying-lei, HUANG Wen-gong, LI Bo, LIU Wei, LU Wei-hong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2767-2776.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.025
摘要178)      PDF    收藏

本研究以华北玉麦轮作农田石灰性土壤为研究对象,针对玉米和小麦季的两次施肥事件,采用15N气体通量法(15NGF)对田间原位土壤N2通量进行为期一周的观测。施用肥料为15N标记尿素(丰度为99 atom%),施用量为130(玉米季)和150(小麦季)kg N ha–1;并于施肥后的第一、三和五天(缩写DAF 1、DAF 3和DAF 5)进行模拟灌水,控制灌水后土壤湿度达~60% WFPS。结果显示:当罩箱时间为2、4和6 h时,土壤N2通量的检测限分别为163–1565、81–485和54–281 μg N m–2 h–1。土壤N2通量为159–2943(平均:811)μg N m–2 h–1,98.3%的通量数据高于其检测限(即120个观测数据中仅2个达不到通量检测限)。灌溉时间显著影响玉米季观测期内的土壤N2平均通量,DAF 3处理较DAF 1和DAF 5处理高约80%(p<0.01);而在小麦季,不同灌溉时间的N2通量无差异。而且,玉米季观测期内的N2通量和氧化亚氮(N2O)与N2产物比(N2O/(N2O+N2))均较小麦季高约65%和11倍(p<0.01)。该差异主要归因于玉米季观测期内更高的土壤湿度、温度和氮底物的有效性,利用反硝化贡献N2排放和N2O/(N2O+N2)比值。该研究表明15NGF方法可应用于原位定量集约化石灰性农田土壤的N2通量


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3. Differences of yield and nitrogen use efficiency under different applications of slow release fertilizer in spring maize
LI Guang-hao, CHENG Gui-gen, LU Wei-ping, LU Da-lei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (2): 554-564.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63315-9
摘要127)      PDF    收藏
Excessive or insufficient application of fertilizer has raised broader concerns regarding soil and environmental degradation. One-time application of slow release fertilizer (SF) has been widely used to reduce yield gap with potential maize yield and improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). A 2-year field experiment (2018–2019) was conducted to evaluate the effects of SF rates from 0 to 405 kg N ha–1 (named F0, SF225, SF270, SF315, SF360, and SF405) and 405 kg N ha–1 of common fertilizer (CF405) on the grain yield, biomass and N accumulation, enzymatic activities related with carbon–nitrogen metabolism, NUE and economic analysis. Results indicated that the highest grain yields, NUEs and economic returns were achieved at SF360 in both varieties. The enzymatic activities related with carbon–nitrogen metabolism, pre- and post-silking accumulation of biomass and N increased with increasing SF rate, and they were the highest at SF360 and SF405. The grain yield at SF360 had no significant difference with that at SF405. However, the N partial factor productivity, N agronomic efficiency and N recovery efficiency at SF360 were 9.8, 6.6 and 8.9% higher than that at SF405. The results also indicated that the average grain yields, NUE and economic benefit at SF405 were 5.2, 12.3 and 18.1% higher than that at CF405. In conclusion, decreasing N rate from 405 kg ha–1 (CF) to 360 kg ha–1 (SF) could effectively reduce the yield gap between realized and potential maize yields. The N decreased by 11.1%, but the yield, NUE and economic benefit increased by 3.2, 22.2 and 17.5%, which created a simple, efficient and business-friendly system for spring maize production in Jiangsu Province, China.
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4. N, P and K use efficiency and maize yield responses to fertilization modes and densities
LI Guang-hao, CHENG Qian, LI Long, LU Da-lei, LU Wei-ping
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (1): 78-86.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63214-2
摘要176)      PDF    收藏

合理的种植密度和施肥方式是提高玉米产量和养分利用效率的重要栽培措施。本研究于2016-2017年大田试验条件下设置3个种植密度(60000、75000和90000株 hm-2)和3个施肥方式(0F:不施肥,SF:缓释肥一次性基施,CF:常规肥分播种期和拔节期2次施用),研究其对玉米产量与养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明:不同处理中,种植密度75000株 hm-2结合SF的产量与氮、磷、钾利用效率均最高。与CF相比,SF能够显著增加花后干物质积累量,促进花前和花后植株对氮、磷、钾的吸收,增加籽粒中氮、磷、钾含量,进而提高氮、磷、钾的利用效率。密度75000株 hm-2下,与CF相比,SF的氮、磷、钾吸收效率和偏生产力,氮、磷回收利用率均较高。随密度增加,CF与SF的籽粒产量、干物质积累量和养分利用效率均先增后降。基于2年产量与养分利用效率变化特征,种植密度75000株 hm-2结合缓释肥一次性基施可显著提高江苏省春玉米产量和氮、磷、钾利用效率。


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5. Effects of post-silking water deficit on the leaf photosynthesis and senescence of waxy maize
YE Yu-xiu, WEN Zhang-rong, YANG Huan, LU Wei-ping, LU Da-lei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (9): 2216-2228.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63158-6
摘要152)      PDF    收藏
Waxy maize is widely cultivated under rainfed conditions and frequently suffers water shortage during the late growth stage.  In this study, a pot trial was conducted to examine the effects of post-silking drought on leaf photosynthesis and senescence and its influence on grain yield.  Two waxy maize hybrids, Suyunuo 5 (SYN5) and Yunuo 7 (YN7), were grown under the control and drought (soil moisture content was 70–80% and 50–60%, respectively) conditions after silking in 2016 and 2017.  The decrease in yield was 11.1 and 15.4% for YN7 and SYN5, respectively, owing to the decreased grain weight and number.  Post-silking dry matter accumulation was reduced by 27.2% in YN7 and 26.3% in SYN5.  The contribution rate of pre-silking photoassimilates transferred to grain yield was increased by 15.6% in YN7 and 10.2% in SYN5, respectively.  Post-silking drought increased the malondialdehyde content, but decreased the contents of water, soluble protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoid in the leaves.  The weakened activities of enzymes involved in photosynthesis (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) and antioxidant system (catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) reduced the photosynthetic rate (Pn) and accelerated leaf senescence.  The correlation results indicated that reduced Pn and catalase activity and increased malondialdehyde content under drought conditions induced the decrease of post-silking photoassimilates deposition, ultimately resulted in the grain yield loss.
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6. Weakened carbon and nitrogen metabolisms under post-silking heat stress reduce the yield and dry matter accumulation in waxy maize
YANG Huan, GU Xiao-tian, DING Meng-qiu, LU Wei-ping, LU Da-lei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (1): 78-88.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62622-5
摘要187)      PDF    收藏
Post-silking high temperature is one of the abiotic factors that affects waxy maize (Zea mays L. sinensis Kulesh) growth in southern China.  We conducted a pot trial in 2016–2017 to study the effects of post-silking daytime heat stress (35°C) on the activities of enzymes involved in leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolisms and leaf reactive oxygen species (ROS) and water contents.  This study could improve our understanding on dry matter accumulation and translocation and grain yield production.  Results indicated that decreased grain number and weight under heat stress led to yield loss, which decreased by 20.8 and 20.0% in 2016 and 2017, respectively.  High temperature reduced post-silking dry matter accumulation (16.1 and 29.5% in 2016 and 2017, respectively) and promoted translocation of pre-silking photoassimilates stored in vegetative organs, especially in leaf.  The lower leaf water content and chlorophyll SPAD value, and higher ROS (H2O2 and O2-·) content under heat stress conditions indicated accelerated senescent rate.  The weak activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase), nitrate reductase (NR), and glutamine synthase (GS) indicated that leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolisms were suppressed when the plants suffered from a high temperature during grain filling.  Correlation analysis results indicated that the reduced grain yield was mainly caused by the decreased leaf water content, weakened NR activity, and increased H2O2 content.  The increased accumulation of grain weight and post-silking dry matter and the reduced translocation amount in leaf was mainly due to the increased chlorophyll SPAD value and NR activity.  Reduced PEPCase and RuBPCase activities did not affect dry matter accumulation and translocation and grain yield.  In conclusion, post-silking heat stress down-regulated the leaf NR and GS activities, increased the leaf water loss rate, increased ROS generation, and induced pre-silking carbohydrate translocation.  However, it reduced the post-silking direct photoassimilate deposition, ultimately, leading to grain yield loss.
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7. Identification of the nitrogen-fixing Pseudomonas stutzeri major flagellar gene regulator FleQ and its role in biofilm formation and root colonization
MA Yao, ZHANG Qiu-lei, YANG Zhi-min, LI Yun, YAN Yong-liang, PING Shu-zhen, ZHANG Li-wen, LIN Min, LU Wei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (2): 339-348.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61132-7
摘要1871)      PDF    收藏
Flagellar biosynthesis and motility are subject to a four-tiered transcriptional regulatory circuit in Pseudomonas, and the master regulator FleQ appears to be the highest-level regulator in this hierarchical regulatory cascade. Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 is motile by a polar flagellum; however, the motility and regulatory mechanisms involved in this process are unknown. Here, we searched the A1501 genome for flagella and motility genes and found that approximately 50 genes, which were distributed in three non-contiguous chromosomal regions, contribute to the formation, regulation and function of the flagella. The non-polar mutation of fleQ impaired flagellar biosynthesis, motility and root colonization but enhanced biofilm formation. FleQ positively regulates the expression of flagellar class II–IV genes, suggesting a regulatory cascade that is coordinated similar to that of the well-known P. aeruginosa. Based on our results, we propose that flagellar genes in P. stutzeri A1501 are regulated in a cascade regulated by FleQ and that flagellum-driven motility properties may be necessary for competitive rhizosphere colonization.
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8. Effects of high temperature during grain filling on physicochemical properties of waxy maize starch
LU Da-lei, YANG Huan, SHEN Xin, LU Wei-ping
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (2): 309-316.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61095-4
摘要1838)      PDF    收藏
Understanding the waxy maize starch physicochemical properties response to heat stress during grain filling could improve starch quality. The effects of heat stress during early (1–15 days after pollination, DAP) and late (16–30 DAP) grain filling stages on the starch physicochemical properties of four waxy maize varieties were evaluated. Crystallinity only increased in Suyunuo 5 after exposure to high temperature at late grain filling stage. The effects of heat stress on digestibility and swelling power were dependent on varieties and stages. Generally, swelling power was increased by heat stress at early grain development stage and digestibility was increased by high temperature at late grain filling stage, respectively. The results of correlation analysis indicated the starch with large granule size could swell well and easy digest. Peak, trough, final, and breakdown viscosities in response to heat stress were dependent on stages and varieties. In general, peak, trough and final viscosities were decreased and increased by heat stress at early grain formation and late grain filling stages, respectively; whereas the breakdown and setback viscosities were similar among the three treatments. Heat stress increased the gelatinization temperatures and retrogradation percentage. Gelatinization range decreased under heat stress at 1–15 DAP but remained constant under heat stress at 16–30 DAP in all varieties. The starch exposed to high temperature at 16–30 DAP presented higher digestibility and peak viscosity and lower retrogradation percentage than those at 1–15 DAP. Therefore, heat stress at early grain formation stage severely affects the physicochemical properties of starch.
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9. Stability of growth periods traits for soybean cultivars across multiple locations
WANG Xiao-bo, LIU Zhang-xiong, YANG Chun-yan, XU ran, LU Wei-guo, ZHANG Li-feng, WANG Qian, WEI Su-hong, YANG Chun-ming, WANG Hui-cai, WANG Rui-zhen, ZHOU Rong, CHEN Huaizhu, CHANG Ru-zhen, QIU Li-juan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (05): 963-972.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61152-2
摘要2084)      PDF    收藏
    The growth periods (GPs, from planting/emergence to reproductive stage 8 (R8) of soybean cultivars vary in different ecological regions, especially in China with a very complex soybean cropping system. In this study, a 3-yr experimental study was undertaken in three geographical locations of China from 2008 to 2010, including the Northeast (40.66–45.85°N), Huang-Huai (34.75–38.04°N) and southern (22.82–30.60°N) eco-regions with about 250 accessions in each region to clarify the classification of maturity group (MG) and identify the cultivars with stable GP to increase the knowledge about the GP distribution of soybean cultivars in China. GPs of soybean cultivars in different eco-regions were significant different with a gradual decrease from 115–125 d in the Northeast part to the 85–100 d in the southern part of China. The geographical location was the major factor for GP of cultivars from the Northeast, while the year of planting was the major factor affecting the stability of GPs in Huang-Huai summer and southern summer soybean. AMMI2 (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction)-Biplot analysis showed that the GPs of soybean cultivars from the Northeast eco-region have a comparatively satisfactory environmental stability. Moreover, soybean cultivars with moderate GP/MG and stable environment adaptability in different eco-regions were identified based on the linear regression and AMMI analysis, which was important for the accurate classification of soybean MGs in future. Taken together, our results reflected the genetic diversity, geographical distribution and environmental stability of the Chinese soybean GP trait. Soybean cultivars with stable GP for various Chinese eco-regions would be beneficial for Chinese soybean genetic improvement, varietal introduction, exchange, and soybean breeding program for wide adaptability.
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10. Developing transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) with insect resistance and glyphosate tolerance by fusion gene transformation
SUN He, LANG Zhi-hong, LU Wei, ZHANG Jie, HE Kang-lai , ZHU Li, LIN Min, HUANG Da-fang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (2): 305-313.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60855-8
摘要1803)      PDF    收藏
Using linker peptide LP4/2A for multiple gene transformation is considered to be an effective method to stack or pyramid several traits in plants. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cry gene and epsps (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) gene are two important genes for culturing pest-resistant and glyphosate-tolerant crops. We used linker peptide LP4/2A to connect the Bt cry1Ah gene with the 2mG2-epsps gene and combined the wide-used manA gene as a selective marker to construct one coordinated expression vector called p2EPUHLAGN. The expression vector was transferred into maize by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, and 60 plants were obtained, 40% of which were positive transformants. Molecular detection demonstrated that the two genes in the fusion vector were expressed simultaneously and spliced correctly in translation processing; meanwhile bioassay detection proved the transgenic maize had preferable pest resistance and glyphosate tolerance. Therefore, linker peptide LP4/2A provided a simple and reliable strategy for producing gene stacking in maize and the result showed that the fusion gene transformation system of LP4/2A was feasible in monocot plants.
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11. Effect of Different Initial pH on the Storage Characteristics and Shelf Life of Liquid Diet for Suckling and Weanling Piglets
HE Yu-yong, MA Pen, LIU Xiao-lan, WANG Ren-hua , LU Wei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (1): 134-139.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60662-0
摘要1448)      PDF    收藏
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different initial pH on the storage characteristics and shelf life of liquid diet. 45 polypropylene bags were allotted to treatments 1, 2 and 3 on average, 100 g diet and 200 g water were placed into each polypropylene bag, food-grade DL-lactic acid was added to each bag at a rate of 0.0 mL in treatment 1, 1.2 mL in treatment 2 and 4.7 mL in treatment 3, air was artificially expelled from each bag prior to heat-sealing. All bags were placed into a cage, cooked with steam at 90°C for 30 min under normal pressure, then taken out and stored from day 0 to 60 at room temperature. Results indicated that liquid diet in treatment 3 achieved the highest total sensory scores, the pH value had a tendency to decrease and the bacteria count had a tendency to increase in the liquid diet with the advancing of storage time with the advancing of storage time, lowering the initial pH of liquid diet decreased the bacteria count, the AFB1 and ZEN concentrations and increased the starch gelatinization degree from day 30 to 60, liquid diet in treatment 3 had a lower (P<0.01) bacteria count and a higher (P<0.05) starch gelatinization degree at day 30 and 45 than liquid diet in treatment 1. In conclusion, lowering the initial pH of liquid diet with lactic acid to pH 4 could effectively improve the storage characteristics and shelf life of liquid diet.
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12. Effect of Shading During Grain Filling on the Physicochemical Properties of Fresh Waxy Maize
LU Da-lei, SUN Xu-li, WANG Xin, YAN Fa-bao , LU Wei-ping
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2013, 12 (9): 1560-1567.   DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)9071
摘要1381)      PDF    收藏
Grain physicochemical properties determine the table quality of fresh waxy maize. Two waxy maize varieties, Suyunuo 5 (shading tolerant) and FHN003 (shading sensitive), were used to estimate the effect of shading (plants received 30% less radiation than control) during grain filling (from 0 d to 23 d after pollination) on physicochemical properties of fresh waxy maize grain. Shading decreased the grain fresh weight of Suyunuo 5 and FHN003 by 8.4 and 19.1%, respectively. Shading increased the grain water content of FHN003, whereas that of Suyunuo 5 was not affected. In both varieties for shading treatment, soluble sugar, starch and protein contents were decreased, whereas zein content was increased. The changes in globulin, albumin and glutenin contents under shading were variety dependent. In both varieties, shading decreased λmax, iodine binding capacity and the percentage of large starch granules (diameter >17 μm) but increased crystallinity. The results of rapid visco analysis showed that the viscosity characteristics (except for pasting temperature) of both varieties were decreased by shading; however, FHN003 was more severely affected than Suyunuo 5. Under shading, ΔHret and %R were decreased in both varieties, whereas the changes in ΔHgel and transition temperatures were variety dependent. Hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness were decreased in both varieties. Significant differences in physicochemical characteristics were observed between the two varieties.
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