杜鹃花是杜鹃花属的总称，是具有很高的观赏和经济价值的著名木本植物。热胁迫是影响杜鹃花生长的主要环境因子。褪黑素近年来被报道可以缓解非生物胁迫对植物的影响。然而，褪黑素在杜鹃花中的作用尚不清楚。本研究探讨了褪黑素对热胁迫下杜鹃花的影响及其潜在机制。叶绿素荧光结果表明，喷施200 µmol L^-1褪黑素对杜鹃花抵抗热胁迫效果最佳。为了阐明褪黑素如何限制高温的不利影响，本研究分别在25、35和40°C处理下分析了杜鹃花叶片中褪黑素含量、光合参数、Rubisco酶活性和ATP含量。结果表明，与对照相比，外源喷施褪黑素提高了杜鹃花叶片中褪黑素含量、热应激下的电子传递速率、光系统II和I活性、Rubisco酶活性和ATP含量。转录组分析结果表明，许多热胁迫下的差异表达基因富集在光合作用途径，这些基因中的大部分均在热处理后下调表达，且在无褪黑素处理的植株中下调幅度大于外源喷施褪黑素处理的植株。本研究鉴定出RhPGR5A、RhATPB、RhLHCB3和RhRbsA作为关键基因。综合以上结果，我们推测褪黑素通过调控包括RhRbsA在内的特定基因的表达，促进光合电子传递，提高卡尔文循环酶活性，增加ATP的产生，由此提高了热应激下的光合效率和CO₂同化能力。因此，施用外源褪黑素可提高杜鹃花对热胁迫的耐受性。

    A process-oriented methodology to conduct precise evaluation temporally and spatially on temperature suitability for potato growth was applied in China. Arable lands in China were gridded with 1 km×1 km geographic units, and potential potato phenology in each unit was automatically identified in terms of the potato planting initial temperature and effective accumulated temperature. A temperature thermal response coefficient model was used to compute a temperature suitability value for each day of potato phenology in each geographic unit. In addition, five temperature suitability ranking methods were applied to define suitable areas: (1) upper fourth quantile, (2) median, (3) expected value+1/4 standard deviation, (4) expected value+1/2 standard deviation, (5) expected value+1 standard deviation. A validation indicator was innovated to test the effectiveness of the five ranking methods. The results showed that from a strict degree point of view, the five methods sequence was as follows: 1=3>4>2>5, with a and c determined as the two best ranking methods. For methods 1 and 3, the suitable potato growing area was 1 of 57.76×10⁴ km². In addition, the suitable areas were spatially coincident with the main potato producing counties. The study output technically supports the proposal from China’s government that there is a large potential area to grow winter-ploughed potato in South China because the potential suitable area for growing potato is approximately 2×10⁷ ha. In southeast Heilongjiang and east Jilin, where it is hilly and mountainous, there are still some potentially suitable areas for potato growing accounting for nearly 2.32×10⁶ ha. The authors suggest to optimize the agricultural regionalization and layout in China and to adjust the cropping pattern structure.

  In this paper, authors established a farmer crop selection model (FCS) for the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang of the Northeast China. With linking to the environmental policy integrated climate model (EPIC), the simulated results of FCS model for maize, rice and soybean were spatialized with 1 km×1 km grids to obtain cropping pattern. The reference map of spatial distribution for the three staple crops acquired by remote sensing imageries was applied to validate the simulated cropping pattern. The results showed that (1) the total simulation accuracy for the study area was 78.62%, which proved simulation method was applicable and feasible; (2) simulation accuracy for Jilin Province was the highest among the three provinces with a rate of 82.45% since its simple cropping system and not complex topography; (3) simulation accuracy for maize was the best among the three staple crops with a ratio of 81.14% because the study area is very suitable for maize growth. We hope this study could provide the reference for cropping pattern forecasting and decision-making.

More than 20 years have passed since the first report on successful genetic transformation of wheat. With the establishment and improvement of transformation platform, great progresses have been made on wheat genetic transformation both on its fundamental and applied studies in China, especially driven by the National Major Project for Transgenic Organism Breeding, China, initiated in 2008. In this review, wheat genetic transformation platform improvement and transgenic research progresses including new techniques applied and functional studies of wheat quality, yield and stress tolerant related genes and biosafety assessment are summarized. The existing problems and the trends in wheat transformation with traditional methods combined with genomic studies and genome editing technology are also discussed.