Effects of dietary amylose to amylopectin ratio on growth performance, carcass quality characteristics and meat fatty acids in Chinese Qinchuan cattle

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63576-6

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在探讨日粮直链/支链淀粉比例对中国秦川牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵和血液参数、胴体特征和大理石花纹评分、肌肉脂肪酸和糖异生途径相关基因表达差异的影响。试验采用单因素随机设计，将45头肉牛随机分为3组。试验动物分别饲喂普通玉米添加日粮(对照组；n=15；中等直链/支链淀粉比=0.47)、蜡质玉米淀粉添加日粮(WS；n=15；低直链/支链淀粉比=0.23)或豌豆淀粉添加日粮(PS；n=15；高直链/支链淀粉比=0.60)，共饲喂90天。全混合日粮每日饲喂量至少按肉牛体重的2.1%供给，分成2次饲喂。每隔45天称重1次，并分别采集血液和瘤胃液样品。试验结束后，每组选取接近平均体重的6头健康肉牛，颈静脉放血屠宰，并采集背最长肌样品进行肉质测定。试验数据采用SAS9.3统计软件中的单因素方差分析，并采用LSD法进行多重比较。与PS组相比，在0～45天，对照组和WS组的平均日增重(ADG)和饲料转化率均提高(P<0.05)。然而，在46～90天，PS组的饲料转化率比对照组和WS组更高(P<0.05)。在试验全期，对照组和WS组的ADG比PS组有更高的趋势(0.05<P<0.1)。与PS组相比，WS组血清胰岛素浓度在第45天时显著升高(P<0.05)，而在第90天时无明显差异(P>0.05)。与对照组和WS组相比，PS组血清超氧化物歧化酶和总抗氧化能力在第45天时显著升高(P<0.05)，而在第90天时无明显差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比，WS组和PS组的瘤胃微生物蛋白(MCP)含量在第1天时显著升高(P<0.05)，而在第45天时对照组和WS组的MCP含量比PS组更高(P<0.05)，在第90天时3组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。与PS组相比，对照组和WS组的背膘厚度显著升高(P<0.05)，而在大理石花纹评分和肝脏中糖异生相关基因表达量上3组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。3组间背最长肌(LT)的常规成分和理化特性上也无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述，低或中等直链/支链淀粉比的日粮会增加背膘厚度，并有改善ADG的趋势，但对秦川牛其它胴体性状、肌内脂肪和糖异生相关基因表达量上无影响。创新性：1) 在育肥期的秦川公牛上进行不同直链/支链淀粉比日粮饲喂试验，比较不同淀粉原料的有效利用率；2) 通过生长性能、血液和瘤胃发酵参数、大理石纹评分以及糖异生关联基因表达量的综合比较，从饲料淀粉中直支链比例的角度观察了育肥期肉牛糖代谢和肌内脂肪生成量的变化。

Abstract:

This study evaluated the effects of the dietary starch amylose/amylopectin ratio on growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood parameters, carcass characteristics and marbling score, and meat fatty acid profiles and transcriptional changes in the genes involved in the gluconeogenesis pathway in Chinese Qinchuan cattle. Forty-five cattle were randomly divided into three groups. The bulls were fed a control diet (middle amylose/amylopectin ratio=0.47) or diets with either waxy corn starch (WS) inclusion (low amylose/amylopectin ratio=0.23) or pea starch (PS) inclusion (high amylose/amylopectin ratio=0.60) for 90 days. The bulls were individually allowed to receive the diets at the daily amount of at least 2.1% of their individual BW twice daily. The bulls were weighed at 45-day intervals, and blood and rumen fluid samples were also collected at 45-day intervals. The bulls were slaughtered and longissimus thoracis (LT) samples were collected for meat quality measurements. Compared with PS, the average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency in control and WS were increased (P<0.05) during d 0 to 45. However, the feed efficiency in PS was increased (P<0.05) compared with the control and WS during d 46 to 90. During the whole feeding trial, the ADG in control and WS showed trends that were higher (0.05<P<0.1) than that of PS, while other growth performance measures and feed intake did not differ (P>0.05) among the three groups. Compared with PS, the serum insulin concentration in WS was increased (P<0.05) at d 45, but not at d 90. Compared with control and WS, the serum SOD and T-AOC concentrations in PS were increased (P<0.05) at d 45, but not at d 90. Compared with control, the rumen microbial crude protein contents in WS and PS were increased (P<0.05) at d 0, while those of control and WS were higher (P<0.05) than that of PS at d 45, but not at d 90. Compared with PS, the backfat thickness in control and WS were increased (P<0.05), however, the marbling score and expression of genes related to the gluconeogenesis pathway in liver of the three groups did not differ (P>0.05). Chemical and physio-chemical compositions of LT did not differ (P>0.05) among the three groups. In conclusion, diets with low or middle amylose/amylopectin ratios increased the backfat thickness, and tended to improve ADG, but had no effect on other carcass characteristics, fat content in the LT, or the expression of hepatic genes related to the gluconeogenesis pathway in Chinese Qinchuan cattle.

Keywords:

Key words: amylose/amylopectin ratio , Chinese Qinchuan cattle , utilization efficiency of starch , gluconeogenesis , intramuscular fat

. [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(12): 3256-2169.

PIAO Min-yu, HU Feng-ming, KONG Fan-lin, LIU Yun-long, WANG Shuo, CUI Kai, SUN Tao, DIAO Qi-yu, TU Yan. Effects of dietary amylose to amylopectin ratio on growth performance, carcass quality characteristics and meat fatty acids in Chinese Qinchuan cattle[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(12): 3256-2169.

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